Israel-Palestine Timeline

Israel / Palestine Timeline
[Target for substantial completion is 12/31/2026]
Methodology (click here)

The Project: There have been Israeli and Palestinian issues for many years with difficult and disastrous results for both sides. Complicating those issues are the various Palestinian factions in their own ranks, and various Israeli factions sometimes at odds with one another.

Attempting to set politics aside, we decided to build a timeline of historical events seemingly related to the Israeli / Palestinian issues.

Column A shows the date of an event and its source. Column B briefly summarizes the event.

Israel - Palestine Timeline:

	A.	B.
	Event Date(s)	Event
1	2000 BCE [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“Jews have lived in the area called Palestine since about 2000 BC.”
2	1700 BCE (circa) [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Abraham settles in the land of Israel (Canaan)”
3	1500 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Joseph is sold into slavery. His family join him in Egypt.”
4	1400 BCE (circa) [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“The Hebrews are enslaved by the Egyptians.”
5	1300 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt.”
6	1200 BCE (circa) [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“The Hebrews arrive in Israel.”
7	1030 BCE [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“The first Jewish monarchy was founded in 1030 BC under King Saul, and furthered under Kings David and Solomon.”
8	1020 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Saul is crowned the first King of Israel.”
9	1000 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“David becomes King of Israel.”
10	950 BCE [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“In 950 BC, Solomon built the First Temple. In 586 King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia captured Jerusalem, destroyed the temple and forced the people into exile.”
11	925 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Pharaoh Sheshonk I of the Third Intermediate Period invades Canaan following the Battle of Bitter Lakes. Possibly the same as Shishak, the Pharaoh mentioned in the Bible in the book of Kings 1, who captured and pillaged Jerusalem (1 Kings 14: 25).”
12	922 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Israel is split into two nations: Israel in the north and Judah in the south.”
13	853 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“The Battle of Qarqar in which Jerusalem’s forces were likely involved in an indecisive battle against Shalmaneser III of Neo-Assyria (Jehoshaphat King of Judah was allied with Ahab King of the Israel according to the Jewish Bible).”
14	722 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“The Assyrians conquer the Northern Kingdom.”
15	720 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“The Kingdom of Israel is conquered by Neo-Assyrian Empire and parts of the local population is deported and replaced with deportees from other parts of the empire.”
16	587 [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“The Babylonian period began with the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II in 587 or 586 BCE. The Persian period spans the years 539–332 BCE, from the time Cyrus II of Persia (‘the Great’) conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire, to the conquest of the region by Alexander the Great.”
17	586 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Babylon, ruled by Nebuchadnezzar II, conquers Judah and destroys the Temple and takes many Israelites captive.”
18	538 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Cyrus the Great, King of Persia, conquers Babylonia. He allows the Jewish people to return home.”
19	530 BCE [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“In 538 the Persian king Cyrus the Great gained control and allowed the Jews to return.”
20	516 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“The Second Temple is constructed in Jerusalem.”
21	515 BCE [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“The Second Temple was completed in 515. Alexander the Great of Macedon (Greece) defeated the Persians (333) and established control of Egypt and Palestine.”
22	322 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“The Greeks, led by Alexander the Great, conquer Israel along with all of Persia and Egypt.”
23	260 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Beit She’an is refounded as the poleis Scythopolis by Ptolemy II Philadelphus.”
24	260 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“The Seleucid emperor Antiochus III the Great conquers Palestine.”
25	175 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Seleucus IV (r. 187 BCE – 175 BCE) dies and is succeeded by Antiochus, son of Seleucus IV. Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r. 175 BCE – 164 BCE) becomes the Seleucid emperor.”
26	174 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Antiochus appoints Jason as high priest of the Jerusalem Temple.”
27	172 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Antiochus replaces Jason with Menelaus as high priest of the Jerusalem Temple as the latter offers to pay a much bigger tribute.”
28	170 BCE (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Antiochus invades Egypt but decides to return. Perhaps because of disturbances in Palestine. His return is triumphant and he brings many spoils.”
29	169 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“On his way back from Egypt, Antiochus raids the Jerusalem Temple and confiscates its treasures.”
30	168 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Antiochus invades Egypt but the Romans force him to withdraw.[16] Meanwhile, rumors spread in Judea that the king has died and Jason launches a surprise attack on Jerusalem, captures the city, and kills supporters of his rival Menelaus.[17] Antiochus interprets Jason’s attack as a rebellion and sends an army that retakes Jerusalem and drives Jason’s followers away.”
31	167 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Antiochus IV Epiphanes outlaws Judaism in Judea and allows pagan worship at the Jerusalem temple.”
32	167 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“The Maccabean revolt occurs and brings independence to the Jews.”
33	165 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Antiochus campaigns against the Parthians.”
34	164 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“spring – Antiochus issues a letter repealing the ban on Judaism and promising amnesty for the insurgents who return before March 164. The provincial land-tax from 167 BCE is abolished. The Maccabees does not take up the Seleucids offer and the insurgency continues.”
35	164 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“summer – The Maccabees carries out a number of punitive expeditions, likely led by Judas, against people who had participated in the persecution against Jews.”
36	164 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“autumn/winter – Judas enters Jerusalem and the altar to Zeus and other pagan artifacts are removed from the Temple. Meanwhile, Antiochus dies in Persis, igniting a century-long war of succession in Antioch, the capital of the Seleucid empire.”
37	161 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Judas Maccabeus is killed in battle and his army is routed.”
38	152 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Jonathan Apphus is appointed high priest of the Jerusalem temple by the Seleucids.”
39	145 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“The Seleucid ruler Demetrius II Nicator lets Judea annex the three southern Samarian districts Lydda, Aphairema, and Ramathaim.”
40	135 BCE circa [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“135/4 BCE – John Hyrcanus becomes Hasmonean king.”
41	129 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“The Seleucid emperor Antiochus VII Sidetes dies.”
42	112 BCE circa [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“112–107 BCE – The Hasmoneans destroy the Samaritan temple at Mount Gerizim and devastates Shechem.”
43	108 BCE circa [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“108/7 BCE – The Hasmoneans destroy Scythopolis.”
44	104 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Aristobulus I succeeds Hyrcanus as king of Judea.”
45	103 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Alexander Jannaeus succeeds Aristobulus. He greatly extends the Hasmonean kingdom, concentrating on Greek cities along the Palestinian coast.”
46	76 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Hyrcanus II succeeds Alexander Jannaeus.”
47	67 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, accessed 4/27/2024]	“Salome Alexandra dies and her son Hyrcanus II becomes king of Judea. A war of succession leads to a civil war among the Hasmoneans in Judea.”
48	63 BCE [ducksters.com, accessed 4/28/2024]	“Rome, led by Pompey the Great, conquers Israel.”
49	63 BCE [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“In 63 BC, the Romans took Palestine as a Roman province.”
50	63 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Roman troops occupy Palestine.”
51	57–54 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Scythopolis is rebuilt by the Roman proconsul Gabinius.”
52	47 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod the Great is appointed governor of Galilee. Herod clears out Hezekiah’s “brigands,” who had been harassing people in southern Syria.”
53	40 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Parthians invade Judea, seize Jerusalem, and appoint Antigonus II Mattathias King of Judea. … Herod visits Rome to seek Mark Antony’s support. He is appointed king by the Roman senate.”
54	37 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod the Great conquers Judea with the help of Roman and Jewish troops. Antigonus II Mattathias, who had barricaded himself in the city, is beheaded by Mark Antony.”
55	37 BCE [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“Herod the Great is made King of Israel by Rome.”
56	31 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“31 BCE – 31 BC Judea earthquake. A powerful earthquake occurs in Judea.”
57	27 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“King Herod rebuilds Samaria and renames it Sebastia.”
58	23 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“King Herod builds a palace and fortress called Herodium, about 7.5 miles (12 km) south of Jerusalem.”
59	22 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod begins construction of a new city and harbor called Caesarea Maritima at the old settlement Straton’s Tower.”
60	20 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod is awarded large swathes of northern territory by emperor Augustus to add to his kingdom. … Citizens of Gadara appeal to Augustus to be excluded from Herod’s kingdom.”
61	19 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	King Herod the Great further extends the Temple Mount’s natural plateau and rebuilds the temple.
62	10 BCE (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Caesarea is completed.”
63	7 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod has his two sons, Alexander and Aristobulus, executed.”
64	7 BCE (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“7–2 BCE – Birth of Jesus.”
65	4 BCE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod dies and a wave of unrest sweeps Palestine.”
66	6 CE [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Leading Jews and Samaritans ask Augustus to remove Herod Archelaus from the throne. He obliges and Archelaus is deposed and exiled. His territory, consisting of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea, is organized into the Roman district Iudaea. … First Roman census of Judea.”
67	20 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 20 – Tiberias in the Galilee is founded by Herod Antipas, one of Herod the Great’s successors.”
68	30 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“Jesus Christ is crucified.”
69	37 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod Philip dies.”
70	39 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Antipas is removed from his post and banished to Gaul. Herod Agrippa I receives his territories.”
71	41 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Agrippa I becomes king of parts of the Herodian kingdom which, in 6 CE, had been divided by Herod’s sons.”
72	44 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Herod Agrippa I dies. Judea comes under direct Roman administration.”
73	62 circa [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“62–64 – Completion of the renovations of the Jerusalem temple begun by Herod.”
74	66 circa [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“66–70 – First Jewish revolt”
75	66 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The revolt breaks out in the summer.”
76	66 [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“The Jews revolted against the Romans in 66 AD.”
77	67 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Roman legions invade Palestine.”
78	69 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Vespasian is declared emperor and leaves for Rome. His older son, Titus, takes command of the Roman legions in Palestine.”
79	70 [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“The rebellion was crushed and the Second Temple was destroyed in 70 AD.”
80	70 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“70/71 – Provincia Iudaea is established.”
81	70 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Romans destroy the Second Temple and much of Jerusalem.”
82	70 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Romans takes Jerusalem and destroy the Second Temple.”
83	73 circa [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“73/74 – The Romans takes Masada, the last rebel holdout.”
84	73 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The last of the Jewish rebels are defeated at Masada.”
85	106 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Romans annex Nabataean territory, reorganizing it as the province of Arabia.”
86	120 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“First imperial road built through the Galilee.”
87	129 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“129/130 – The Roman emperor Hadrian visits Syria, Palestine, and Arabia, and founds the Roman colony Aelia Capitolina at Jerusalem. Presumably, the outbreak of the Bar Kokhba revolt is directly linked to this event.”
88	132 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“132–135 – Bar Kokhba revolt”
89	132 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Jewish people revolt against Roman rule. Hundreds of thousands of Jews are killed.”
90	135 [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“In 135 AD the Jewish population of Palestine was dispersed throughout the ancient world.”
91	195 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The bishops of Caesarea and Jerusalem, Theophilus and Narcissus, preside over a council in Caesarea to settle a growing dispute over the proper date of the celebration of Easter.”
92	200 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Mishnah, the first portion of the Talmud, is written down. This is the oral traditions and law of the Jewish people.”
93	222 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Caesarea becomes the metropolitan see for Palestine.”
94	270 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Zenobia, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, conquers most of the Roman east including Palestine.”
95	272 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Palestine is recaptured by Rome.”
96	313 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Roman co-emperors Constantine I and Licinius declare that Christianity is an acceptable religion.”
97	324 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Constantine—having defeated Emperor Maximian, Caesar of the Western Roman Empire at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge—becomes the sole ruler of the re-united Roman Empire with its capital at Byzantium (New Rome). Queen Helena, a devout Christian, wife of Eastern Roman Emperor Constantius and mother of Constantine the Great, departs for the Holy Land and begins the construction of churches.”
98	326 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“326–333 – Concurrent construction of the world’s first 4 state-sponsored purpose-built churches under the tutelage of Constantine and Helena: the Church of the Nativity is built in Bethlehem, marking the site where according to Christian tradition Jesus was born; ‘Eleona’ (Greek: Olive) on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, also called ‘Chapel of the Apostles’, marking the site where, according to Christian tradition, Jesus ascended to heaven; the Church of the Holy Cross, [citation needed] later called the Church of the Resurrection and Church of the Holy Sepulchre, is built in Jerusalem around the hill of Golgotha, marking the site where, according to Christian tradition, Jesus was crucified, buried, and resurrected; and the basilica of St. George at Mamre (Ramat el-Khalil), near Hebron.”
99	350 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Jerusalem version of the Talmud is completed. Another version, the Babylonian version, will be compiled around 500 CE.”
100	350 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 350 – The Christian monk Hilarion founds the first church in Haluza and converts a large portion of the population.”
101	351 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	351/352 – “Jewish revolt centered around Sepphoris against the Caesar of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Emperor Constantius Gallus. The revolt is quickly subdued by Gallus’ general Ursicinus.”
102	357 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 357 – Palestine is divided into the provinces Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Salutaris.”
103	361 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“361–363 – Roman emperor Julian the Apostate orders Alypius of Antioch to rebuild the Jewish Temple.”
104	363 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“An earthquake with its epicenter in the Galilee rocks Palestine. The earthquake results in, among other things, a halt in the construction of the Jewish Temple, mainly because it ruins the early stages of the construction. Ultimately the plan to rebuild the Temple is scrapped after the death of emperor Julian in June 363.”
105	374 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“374/375 – Melania the Elder founds a monastery on the Mount of Olives which also functions as a hostel for pilgrims.”
106	400 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 400 – Palestine proper is split into the provinces Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda. Palaestina Salutaris is renamed Palaestina Tertia.”
107	425 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Sanhedrin is disbanded by the Byzantine Empire.”
108	438 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“438-439 – Empress Aelia Eudocia Augusta visits Jerusalem for the first time.”
109	451 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Council of Chalcedon declares that Jerusalem shall be a patriachate.”
110	484 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Samaritans revolt as Emperor Zeno has a church built on their holy mountain, Gerizim.”
111	529 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Samaritans rebel against the Romans. Samaritanism loses its religio licita status as punishment.”
112	541 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“541/542 – The bubonic plague sweeps Palestine.”
113	555 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“555/556 – Uprising by Samaritans and Jews centered around Caesarea.”
114	571 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Muhammad, founder of Islam, is born in Mecca.”
115	610 [cotf.edu, accessed 4/11/2024]	“Islam was born in 610 AD when the prophet Mohammed received revelations from Allah (God) through the archangel Jibril (Gabriel). After defeating the Sassanids of Iran and the Byzantines, the land of Palestine was then ruled by successive Arab-Islamic empires before coming under the control of a Turko-Islamic empire (the Ottoman Empire). The few Jews that lived within these empires were generally well treated. Being non-Muslims they were expected to pay an additional tax (jizyah) and to accept the political leadership of the rulers (caliphs and later, sultans). But, being “people of the book” (meaning that Judaism, as well as Christianity, are acknowledged as part of the same prophetic tradition as Islam) the Jews were given special status being able to freely worship, to apply their own laws on most matters, and to be ruled by their own local leaders.”
116	613 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Sasanian Empire (Persian Empire) captures several Palestinian cities on the coast.”
117	5/614 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Sasanian Empire under general Shahrbaraz captures and sacks Jerusalem;[86] the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is damaged by fire and the True Cross is captured.”
118	614 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Persians capture Jerusalem after the Siege of Jerusalem.”
119	629 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Byzantine Empire recaptures Jerusalem.”
120	629 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Byzantine Emperor Heraclius retakes Jerusalem after the decisive defeat of the Sassanid Empire at the Battle of Nineveh in 627. Heraclius personally returns the True Cross to the city.”
121	2/4/634 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Rashidun Caliphate defeats a 300-man-strong Byzantine force led by Dux Sergius at the Battle of Dathin, near Gaza.”
122	637 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“637 (or 638) – Jerusalem falls to the armies of Rashidun caliph Umar Ibn el-Khatab.[89] Jews are permitted to return to the city after 568 years of Roman and Byzantine rule.”
123	637 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“637 (or 638): June/July – The Rashiduns capture Gaza.”
124	637 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“637 (or 638): summer – Ascalon surrenders to the Rashiduns.”
125	637 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“637 (or 638): late – The Rashiduns and the Byzantines consent to a truce.”
126	638 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“Muslim forces capture Jerusalem.”
127	640 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Rashiduns capture Caesarea.”
128	641 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Rashiduns capture Ashkelon, completing their conquest of the Holy Land.”
129	661 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Umayyad family takes control of the caliphate and moves its capital to Damascus, following the assassination of the Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib.”
130	687 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“687–691 – The Dome of the Rock is built on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem at the site where, according to Islam, Muhammad ascended to heaven.”
131	691 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Dome of the Rock is built on the Temple Mount.”
132	715 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 715 – Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik founds Ramla; it becomes the capital and administrative center of Palestine.”
133	2/744 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“February – Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik dies and is succeeded by Al-Walid II.”
134	744 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“spring – Beginning of widespread mutinies against the Umayyads.”
135	744 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“April – Caliph Al-Walid II is assassinated and succeeded by Yazid III.”
136	744 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“October – Yazid III is assassinated and succeeded by Ibrahim ibn al-Walid.”
137	744 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“November – Caliph Ibrahim is defeated in battle by Marwan II who becomes the new caliph.”
138	745 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Theodore is appointed patriarch of Jerusalem.”
139	747 circa [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“747–750 – Civil war resulting in the overthrow of the Umayyads; the Abbasid family seize control of the caliphate.”
140	1/18/749 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Galilee earthquake destroys Tiberias, Scythopolis, Hippos, and Pella. Many other cities throughout the Jordan valley suffer heavy damage. Tens of thousands of lives are lost.”
141	758 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Caliph Al-Mansur visits Jerusalem and possibly orders the renovation of the Dome of the Rock.”
142	762 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Abbasids found Baghdad and designate it the caliphate’s new capital.”
143	792 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“792/793 – War between the tribes of Palestine”
144	796 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Battles between the tribes of Palestine.”
145	799 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Patriarch of Jerusalem sends a mission to the Frankish king Charlemagne and the latter returns the favor.”
146	800 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 800 – The Jewish High Council, headed by Gaon, moves from Tiberias to Jerusalem.”
147	800 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Patriarch of Jerusalem sends another mission to Charlemagne carrying the keys to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, together with a banner.”
148	807 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“A rebellion breaks out. Led by Abu’l-Nida’, it has its epicenter in Eilat.”
149	820 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 820 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is repaired.”
150	820 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Basil is appointed patriarch of Jerusalem.”
151	855 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Solomon is appointed patriarch of Jerusalem.”
152	885 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Abbasids reconquer Damascus.”
153	873 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The governor of Egypt, Ahmad Ibn Tulun, breaks with the Abbasids and establishes independent rule.”
154	878 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Tulunids occupy most of the former Byzantine Diocese of the East, enabling them to defend Egypt against Abbasid attacks.”
155	879 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Elias III is appointed patriarch of Jerusalem.”
156	881 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 881 – Elias III of Jerusalem appeals to the Franks.”
157	903 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 903 – Persian geographer Ibn al-Faqih visits Jerusalem.”
158	905 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“905/906 – The Abbasids regain control of Palestine.”
159	908 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“908/909 – Al-Muqtadir forbids Christians from serving in administrative positions.”
160	913 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 913 – Spanish scholar Ibn Abd Rabbih visits Jerusalem.”
161	935 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Al-Ikhshid takes control of Egypt and establishes independent rule.”
162	3/26/937 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Rioting Muslims burn down the Church of the Resurrection and loot the Chapel of Golgotha.”
163	939 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“October 17 – Muhammad ibn Ra’iq conquers Ramla.”
164	939 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“late – Battle of al-‘Arish between Ibn Ra’iq and al-Ikhshid.”
165	7/946 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sayf al-Dawla invades Palestine.”
166	966 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“A Muslim-Jewish mob torches the Church of Resurrection, plunders it, and kills Jerusalem’s Patriarch John VII.”
167	969 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	969/970 – “The Fatimids, a self-proclaimed Shia caliphate, defeat the Ikhshidids and appoint a Jewish governor.”
168	971 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Qarmatians attack Damascus.”
169	9/5/971 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Qarmatians conquer Ramla.”
170	12/971 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Fatimids ward off a Qarmatian invasion near Fustat.”
171	972 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“972 or 975 – Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes leads an expedition that reaches as far south as Caesarea and Tiberias in Palestine.”
172	975 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“winter – The Turkish officer Alptakin conquers Sidon and slaughters the population.”
173	975 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“spring – Alptakin conquers Tiberias.”
174	4/975 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Alptakin conquers Damascus.”
175	3/12/977 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Ramla is again conquered by the Qarmatians.”
176	978 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Joseph II is appointed patriarch of Jerusalem.”
177	8/15/978 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“A massive Fatimid army defeats Alptakin and the Qarmatians in southern Palestine.”
178	978 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“978–979 winter – The Jewish Fatimid general tries to negotiate with the leader of the Hamdanids, but their leader Abu Taghlib refuses because Fadl is a Jew. He later agrees to negotiations with Fadl who offers him Ramla in exchange for ousting the Jarrahids.”
179	8/979 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Abu Taghlib launches a failed offensive on Ramla and is taken captive and executed.”
180	6/981 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Damascus is besieged by a Fatimid army.”
181	7/981 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Bedouins, led by the Jarrahids, rebel against the Fatimids.”
182	7/5/983 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Damascus is conquered by a Fatimid army.”
183	984 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Orestes is appointed patriarch of Jerusalem.”
184	2/24/991 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Ya’qub ibn Killis dies.”
185	996 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“996–998 – Revolt in Tyre. The rebels call for and receive support from the Byzantines. The Fatimids put the city under siege and it falls in May 998. The rebel leader is tortured and crucified.”
186	1006 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1006–1007 – Russian abbot Daniel makes pilgrimage to Palestine.”
187	1008 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah forbids Jerusalem Christians from performing the Palm Sunday procession.”
188	10/18/1009 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah orders the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.”
189	1011 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1011–1013 February – Uprising of the Yemenite Djarrahid Bedouin tribe who seize Ramla and establish a mini-caliphate.”
190	1012 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Beginning of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah’s oppressive decrees against Christians and Jews.”
191	9/4/1015 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Earthquake. The dome of the Dome of the Rock collapses.”
192	2/13/1021 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Caliph Al-Hakim is assassinated and succeeded by his son al-Zahir.”
193	9/1024 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Bedouin rebellion erupts over tax-collecting privileges (iqta’a). The Bedouins attack and loot Ramla and Tiberias.”
194	1026 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1026–1027 – Richard of Verdun makes pilgrimage to Palestine.”
195	1027 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“A treaty is signed between the Byzantine emperor and the Fatimid caliph. It permits the rebuilding of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and allows Christians who had converted to Islam under duress to return to their former faith. It also granted the emperor the right to designate the patriarch of Jerusalem. In return, the mosque of Constantinople would be reopened.”
196	1029 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Anushtakin defeats a Bedouin coalition that challenges Fatimid rule in Palestine and Syria.”
197	1032 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Renovations of the Dome of the Rock ordered by Caliph al-Zahir are finished.”
198	1033 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Jerusalem’s city walls are rebuilt.”
199	12/5/1033 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Jordan Rift Valley earthquake.”
200	1047 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Persian poet and traveler Nasir Khusraw visits Palestine.”
201	1063 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Fatimids strengthen or rebuild the walls of Jerusalem.”
202	1064 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1064–1065 – The Great German Pilgrimage takes place.”
203	1068 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“An earthquake destroys Ramla, killing an estimated 15,000.”
204	1071 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Seljuk Turks invade large portions of West Asia, including Asia Minor and the Eastern Mediterranean; they capture Ramla and lay siege to Jerusalem.”
205	1071 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Seljuk Turks take control of Jerusalem and forbid Christians from entering the city.”
206	1073 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Seljuks invade Palestine.”
207	1075 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Seljuks capture Damascus.”
208	1075 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“A severe drought hits Palestine.”
209	1077 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Seljuks capture Jaffa.”
210	1089 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Fatimids conquer Tyre.”
211	1092 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1092–1095 – Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi stays in Jerusalem.”
212	1093 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Muslims in coastal communities bar Christians from entering Palestine.”
213	11/27/1095 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Pope Urban II launches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. Its principal objectives are Catholic reconquest of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land, and the freeing of Eastern Christians from Islamic rule.”
214	1096 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“Christians in Europe embark on the First Crusade.”
215	1096 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1096–1099 – First Crusade and the establishment of the Catholic Kingdom of Jerusalem in Outremer.”
216	7/1098 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Fatimids lay siege to Jerusalem.”
217	8/26/1098 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Fatimids recapture Jerusalem.”
218	6/7/1099 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The crusaders reach Jerusalem and besieges the city.”
219	6/17/1099 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“A Genoese fleet captures Jaffa.”
220	7/15/1099 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Catholic soldiers under Godfrey of Bouillon, Robert II of Flanders, Raymond IV of Toulouse and Tancred take Jerusalem after a difficult siege, killing nearly every inhabitant.”
221	7/22/1099 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Godfrey is elected as the ruler of Jerusalem, but he is not crowned king.”
222	8/12/1099 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Crusaders defeat the Fatimids at the Battle of Ascalon.”
223	1099 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Godfrey of Bouillon enters Jaffa.”
224	1099 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“Crusaders take control of Jerusalem.”
225	12/25/1100 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Kingdom of Jerusalem is established.”
226	1113 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1113–1115 – Earthquakes hits the region.”
227	1116 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Latins repair the walls of Jerusalem.”
228	1124 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Crusaders conquer Tyre.”
229	8/23/1153 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Franks capture Ascalon, thus completing the conquest of the Western coast of the Mediterranean Sea.”
230	11/25/1177 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Battle of Montgisard: Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeat Saladin.”
231	1177 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Latins repair the walls of Jerusalem.”
232	5/1/1187 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Battle of Cresson: Saladin defeats the crusaders.”
233	6/1187 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Saladin captures Tiberias.”
234	7/4/1187 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin.”
235	10/2/1187 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders.”
236	1187 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt, captures Jerusalem. Jews are allowed to enter the city.”
237	8/28/1189 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Guy of Lusignan besieges Acre.”
238	1189 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1189–1192 – Third Crusade led by the armies of Richard the Lionhearted.”
239	6/8/1191 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Richard arrives at Acre.”
240	7/12/1191 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Muslim garrison at Acre surrenders to the Crusaders.”
241	8/20/1191 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Richard executes Muslim prisoners from Acre outside the city.”
242	9/7/1191 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Richard I of England defeats Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf forcing him to retreat with heavy losses.”
243	9/2/1192 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Richard and Saladin signs the Treaty of Jaffa, a peace-treaty to run for three years.”
244	10/9/1192 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Richard leaves Palestine.”
245	3/4/1193 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1193 March 3/4 – Saladin dies in Damascus. Conflicts between his sons, brothers and nephews cause the disintegration of his empire.”
246	1202 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Major earthquake.”
247	3/1219 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Ayyubid sultan Al-Mu’azzam Isa orders the destruction of Jerusalem’s city walls to prevent the crusaders from capturing a fortified city.”
248	2/18/1229 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Frederick II and the Ayyubid sultan Al-Kamil signs the Treaty of Jaffa, a 10-year-truce (hudna) that restores Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem to Christian control in exchange for protection.”
249	3/17/1229 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Frederick enters Jerusalem.”
250	1239 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Ayyubid ruler An-Nasir Dawud destroys some of the refortifications built by the Franks in Jerusalem.”
251	1243 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Franks recover Jerusalem.”
252	7/11/1244 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Khwarezmians capture Jerusalem and slaughter its inhabitants.”
253	10/18/1244 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Battle of La Forbie north-east of Gaza: The Crusaders and their allies, the Ayyubids of Damascus, Homs, and Kerak, suffer a crushing defeat by the Egyptian army and their Khwarezmian mercenaries.”
254	1250 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“c. 1250 – Rabbi Yehiel ben Joseph founds a Yeshiva (Jewish religious school) in Acre.”
255	1258 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Mongols execute the last Abbasid caliph.”
256	1260 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Battle of Ain Jalut (Jezreel Valley) between the Egyptian Mamluks and the Mongols.”
257	1265 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Mamluk Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Maritima.”
258	1267 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“According to tradition, Nachmanides visits Jerusalem and establishes the Ramban Synagogue. However, it is doubtful whether Nachmanides ever visited Jerusalem.”
259	5/18/1291 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Fall of Acre: Al-Ashraf Khalil of Egypt captures Acre, thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (the final Catholic landholding remaining from the Crusades), and ending the Ninth Crusade.”
260	1517 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Ottoman Empire conquers the Mamluk Sultanate and takes control of Israel. Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds much of Jerusalem. The Ottoman Empire will rule until the 1900s.”
261	1517 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Ottomans conquer Palestine.”
262	1517 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1517 – 1517 Hebron pogrom.”
263	1538 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1538–1535 – Suleiman the Magnificent restores the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and the Jerusalem city walls (which are the current walls of the Old City of Jerusalem).”
264	1541 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I seals off the Golden Gate to prevent the Jewish Messiah’s entrance.”
265	1/14/1546 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“A devastating earthquake shook the Jordan Rift Valley region. The epicenter of the earthquake was in the Jordan River in a location between the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee. The cities of Jerusalem, Hebron, Nablus, Gaza, and Damascus were heavily damaged.”
266	1604 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“First Protectorate of missions under the Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire: Ahmad I agreed that the subjects of Henry IV of France were free to visit the Holy Places of Jerusalem. French missionaries begin to travel to Jerusalem and other major Ottoman cities.”
267	1660 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The towns of Safed and nearby Tiberias, with substantial Jewish communities, were destroyed in the turmoil following the 1658 death of Mulhim Ma’n, with only Safed being repopulated shortly after the destruction. Some sources place the destruction of Safed in 1662.”
268	1663 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1663–1665 – Sabbatai Zevi, founder of the Sabbateans, preaches in Jerusalem before travelling back to his native Smyrna where he proclaimed himself the Messiah.”
269	1700 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Judah the Pious and 1,000 followers settle in Jerusalem.”
270	1742 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1742–1777 – Several Jewish Hassidic leaders (including Rabbi Abraham Gershon of Kitob and Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk) move to the Holy Land with many followers of the Baal Shem Tov. Historians mark their arrival as the beginning of the current Jewish Hassidic community in the region.”
271	10/30/1759 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Another devastating earthquake shook the Jordan Rift Valley region. The epicenter of the earthquake was again in the Jordan River, in a location between the Sea of Galilee and the Hula Valley. The cities of Safed, Tiberias, Acre, and Sidon were heavily damaged.”
272	1798 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Napoleon Bonaparte leads the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria.”
273	3/3/1799 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1799 – March 3–4 – Napoleonic Wars: Siege of Jaffa – Napoleon captures the city of Jaffa.”
274	3/20/1799 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1799 – March 20–May 21 – Napoleonic Wars: Siege of Acre – An unsuccessful attempt by Napoleon to capture the city of Acre.”
275	4/8/1799 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Nazareth.”
276	4/11/1799 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Cana.”
277	4/16/1799 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Mount Tabor – Napoleon drives Ottoman Turks across the River Jordan near Acre.”
278	1799 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Napoleon Offers Palestine As A Homeland To Jews”
279	1808 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1808–1810 – Students of Elijah ben Solomon Zalman (Gr”a), amounting to 501 families, arrive in the Holy Land. Historians mark their arrival as the beginning of the current Jewish Ashkenazi community in the region.”
280	5/10/1832 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Mohammed Ali, leading Egyptian forces, and aided by local Maronites, seizes Acre from the Ottoman Empire after a 7-month siege.”
281	1834 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Peasants’ revolt in Palestine – revolt by Arab Palestinian peasants against Egyptian conscription and taxation policies.”
282	1/1/1837 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Galilee earthquake of 1837 – A devastating earthquake shakes the Galilee region, killing thousands of people.”
283	7/15/1840 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Austrian Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire sign the Convention of London with the ruler of the Ottoman Empire. The signatories offered to Muhammad Ali and his heirs permanent control over Egypt and the Acre Sanjak (roughly what is now Israel), provided that these territories remain part of the Ottoman Empire and that Ali agreed within ten days to withdraw from the rest of Syria and return to Sultan Abdülmecid I the Ottoman fleet which had defected to Alexandria. Muhammad Ali was also to immediately withdraw his forces from Arabia, the Holy Cities, Crete, the district of Adana, and all of the Ottoman Empire.”
284	1860 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The first Jewish neighborhood (Mishkenot Sha’ananim) is built outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.”
285	1874 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Jerusalem becomes a Mutesarrifiyyet gaining a special administrative status.”
286	1882 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1882–1903 – The First Aliyah took place: 25,000–35,000 Jews immigrate to Ottoman Syria.”
287	1882 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Rishon Le Zion, A Major Zionist Settlement, Is Established In Palestine”
288	1885 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The Term ‘Zionism’ Is First Coined”
289	1887 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1887–1888 – Ottoman Syria is divided into Jerusalem Sanjak, Nablus Sanjak, and Acre Sanjak”
290	1896 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Theodor Herzl Publishes Der Judenstaat, Calling For The Creation Of A Jewish State”
291	1897 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The First Zionist Congress Is Held In Switzerland. The First Zionist Organisation Is Founded”
292	8/29/1897 [ajc.org, 3-30-24]	“The Zionist movement, founded by Theodor Herzl and other leaders, advocated for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine … The First Zionist Congress was held in 1897 in Basel, Switzerland, where Herzl and other prominent figures in the Zioniat movement discussed and debated their vision for the establishment of a Jewish state.”
293	8/29/1897 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1897 August 29–31 – The First Zionist Congress is held in Basel, Switzerland. During it, the World Zionist Organization is founded and the Basel Declaration is approved. The latter determine that the Zionist movement’s ultimate aim is to establish and secure under public law a homeland for the Jewish people. The homeland is to be located in the Biblical region dubbed variously ‘The Holy Land’ or ‘Palestine’ by the European Christians during the Catholic and later secular Enlightenment.”
294	1898 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“German Kaiser Wilhelm visits Jerusalem to dedicate the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer. He meets Theodor Herzl outside city walls.”
295	1901 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Jewish National Fund is founded at the Fifth Zionist Congress in Basel with the aim of buying and developing land in the southern region of Ottoman Syria for Jewish settlement.”
296	1907 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Zionist Leader Chaim Weizmann Visits Palestine For The First Time”
297	1908 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Palestinian Writer Najib Nassar Publishes Al-Karmel Newspaper, Opposing Zionist Colonisation”
298	4/11/1909 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Tel Aviv is founded on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa.”
299	1911 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Arabic newspaper Filasṭīn is founded.”
300	1915 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Zionist British Cabinet Member Herbert Samuel Writes The Future Of Palestine, A Secret Memorandum Calling On His Cabinet Colleagues To Support Zionist Settlement In Palestine”
301	1/26/1915 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1915 – January 26–February 4 – A German led Ottoman Army advances from Southern Palestine, and conducts a Raid on the Suez Canal in an attempt to stop traffic through the canal.”
302	1915 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1915 – March–October – The 1915 locust plague breaks out in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal region.”
303	1916 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Sykes-Picot Secret Agreement Is Signed, Dividing The Middle East Between The French And British”
304	1916 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1916–1918 – The Arab Revolt”
305	5/16/1916 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Britain and France conclude the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement, which defines their respective spheres of influence and control in Western Asia after the expected demise of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. It was largely a trade agreement with a large area set aside for indirect control through an Arab state or a confederation of Arab states.”
306	8/3/1916 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1916 – August 3–5 – A German led Ottoman Army attacks British Empire forces defending the Suez Canal at the Battle of Romani.”
307	12/23/1916 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The Anzac Mounted Division occupies El Arish and captures the Ottoman garrison during the Battle of Magdhaba.”
308	1917 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Balfour Declaration Is Created. Britain Promises A ‘Jewish National Home’ On Arab Land”
309	1917 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Ottoman Empire is defeated by the British.”
310	11/2/1917 [Aljazeera.com 3-30-24]	“The Balfour Declaration, which resulted in a significant upheaval in the lives of Palestinians, was issued on November 2, 1917.The declaration turned the Zionist aim of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine into a reality when Britain publicly pledged to establish ‘a national home for the Jewish people’ … The pledge is generally viewed as one of the main catalysts of the Nakba – the ethnic cleansing of Palestine in 1948 – and the conflict that ensued with the Zionist state of Israel.”
311	1/9/1917 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Battle of Rafa – British Empire forces defeat the Ottoman Empire garrison at Rafah after re-capturing the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force.”
312	3/26/1917 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: First Battle of Gaza – British attack strong Ottoman defences at Gaza, but fail after 17,000 German led Ottoman troops block their advance in the Southern Coastal Plain.”
313	4/6/1917 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: The Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation – Ottoman authorities deport the entire civilian population of Jaffa and Tel Aviv pursuant to the order from Ahmed Jamal Pasha, the military governor of Ottoman Syria during the First World War. Although Muslim evacuees are allowed to return before long, Jewish evacuees were not able to return until after the British conquest of Palestine.”
314	4/19/1917 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Second Battle of Gaza – Ottoman defenders repel the second British assault on Gaza.”
315	10/31/1917 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Battle of Beersheba – XX Corps infantry and Desert Mounted Corps mounted infantry attack Beersheba on the Gaza to Beersheba defensive line on the northern edge of the Negev Desert, capturing it from the Ottoman Empire.”
316	1917 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1917 – October 31–November 7 – Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Third Battle of Gaza – British forces capture Gaza.”
317	11/2/1917 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Publication of the Balfour Declaration in which the British Government declares its support for the establishment of a Jewish national home in what is to become Mandate Palestine.”
318	11/15/1917 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Australian and New Zealand troops capture Jaffa after the Battle of Mughar Ridge fought on November 13.”
319	11/17/1917 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1917 – November 17–December 30 – Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Battle of Jerusalem – The Ottoman Empire is defeated by British Empire forces at the Battle of Jerusalem. The British Army’s General Allenby enters Jerusalem on foot, in a reference to the entrance of Caliph Umar in 637.”
320	2/21/1918 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Capture of Jericho – the Egyptian Expeditionary Force’s Occupation of the Jordan Valley begins.”
321	3/8/1918 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1918 – March 8–12– Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Battle of Tell ‘Asur – series of attacks along the Jaffa to Jerusalem line which pushed the front line a few miles north.”
322	3/21/1918 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1918 – March 21–April 2 – Sinai and Palestine Campaign: First Transjordan attack on Amman including the First Battle of Amman – an infantry and a mounted division invade Ottoman Empire territory only to be forced by superior Ottoman forces to retreat back to the Jordan Valley.”
323	4/30/1918 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1918 – April 30–May 4 – Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt – second attempt to capture Ottoman Empire territory east of the Jordan River when three divisions are again forced back to the Jordan Valley by superior Ottoman defenders.”
324	6/1918 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“First meeting between Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann and the son of the Sharif of Mecca Hashemite Prince Faisal, who led the Arab forces in the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. The meeting takes place in Faisal’s headquarters in Aqaba, and attempts to establish favourable relations between Arabs and Jews in the Middle East.”
325	7/14/1918 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Battle of Abu Tellul”
326	9/19/1918 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1918 – September 19–25 – Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Battle of Megiddo including the Battle of Sharon, the Battle of Nablus, and the Third Transjordan attack. The Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacks and captures large numbers of Ottoman and German soldiers and Ottoman territory. These battles included the capture of Amman, Arara, Capture of Afulah and Beisan, Haifa, Jenin, Nablus, Samakh, Tabsor, Tiberias, and Tulkarm, including a series of air raids in the Judean Hills during which bombs are dropped on retreating German and Ottoman columns.”
327	9/26/1918 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1918 – September 26–October 1 – Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Capture of Damascus – continuation of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacks with capture of almost two Ottoman armies, plus territory extending into Syria. During this advance Irbid, Jisr Benat Yakub, Kaukab, and Kiswe are captured. The British Empire offensive continues into Syria with the Charge at Khan Ayash and the Pursuit to Haritan, as well as the Battle of Aleppo, and ends with the Charge at Haritan on October 26.”
328	10/30/1918 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Sinai and Palestine Campaign: The British Sinai and Palestine Campaign officially ends with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros. Shortly thereafter, the Ottoman Empire is dissolved.”
329	1919 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Washington’s King-Crane Commission Is Conducted On The Future Of Palestine”
330	1920 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The British take over Israel as part of the Palestine Mandate.”
331	6/20/1920 [justvision.org 3-30-24]	“Haganah, (Hebrew for ‘defense’) is a Zionist paramilitary group formed in 1920 with the expressed goal of defending the growing Jewish population in British mandate Palestine against attacks by Arab residents. The group later became part of the Jewish resistance against the British presence. In addition to its paramilitary activities, the Haganah actively established new Jewish settlements in and supported illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine.”
332	12/1/1920 [ungeneva.org 3-30-24]	“The League of Nations (1920 – 1946) was the first intergovernmental organization established ‘to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security.’ It is often referred to as the ‘predecessor’ of the United Nations. Its founding document – the Covenant of the League of Nations – was drafted during the peace negotiations at the end of the First World War. It was composed of 26 articles, and covered many aspects of the organization, such as the conditions for membership, the functions of the principal organs, the mechanisms for a peaceful settlement of international disputes, and the obligations of the Member States. The Covenant also contained the main principles on which the League was built.”
333	1922 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The League Of Nations Approves The British Mandate For Palestine And Its Purpose Of Helping Establish A Jewish Homeland”
334	1922 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“Between 1922 and 1935, the Jewish population rose from nine percent to nearly 27 percent of the total population, displacing tens of thousands of Palestinian tenants …”
335	1927 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Jericho earthquake: Destruction in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem”
336	7/11/1927 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Jericho earthquake – A powerful earthquake occurs in the Jordan Rift Valley region.”
337	1929 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Outbreak of the 1929 Palestine riots.”
338	1929 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Al-Buraq Uprising Takes Place, The First Mass Protests Against Increased Jewish Immigration To Palestine”
339	8/22/1929 [jewishvirtuallibrary.org/]	A reported fight over prayer service on the Temple Mount ended with the deaths of three Jews and three Arabs
340	8/23/1929 [jstor.org]	On 8/23/1929, Arab members of Hebron massacred 67 of the community of Jews, and riots continued until 8/29/1929, leading to death of 133 Jews and 116 others.
341	6/17/1930 [jewishvirtuallibrary.org]	Three Arabs convicted in the Hebron Massacre were put to death
342	1933 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Mass Protests Against Jewish Immigration To Palestine”
343	1933 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“With the Nazi seizure of power in Germany between 1933 and 1936, 30,000 to 60,000 European Jews arrived on the shores of Palestine.”
344	1935 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Izz Ad-Din Al-Qassam, A Revolutionary Leader In Palestine, Is Killed By British Forces”
345	1936 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Six-Month Long General Strike Takes Place In Palestine, To Protest Jewish Immigration”
346	1936	1936 Peel Commission
347	1936 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1936–1939 – The Great Arab Revolt.”
348	1937 [embassies.gov.il, accessed 4/14/2024]	The Peel Commission Plan (1937)
349	1937 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Peel Commission Recommends The Partition Of Palestine And Transfer Of Palestinians From Land Allocated To A Jewish State”
350	1938 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Armed Zionist Group, Irgun, Launches A Series Of Attacks Against Palestinians.”
351	1939 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“World War II begins. During the war 6 million Jewish people will be killed by Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in the Holocaust.”
352	1939 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Britain Smashes The Three Year-Long Arab Revolt”
353	1939 [avalon.law.yale.edu, accessed 4/14/2024]	British White Paper of 1939 “In the statement on Palestine, issued on 9 November, 1938, His Majesty’s Government announced their intention to invite representatives of the Arabs of Palestine, of certain neighboring countries and of the Jewish Agency to confer with them in London regarding future policy. …”
354	1942 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Zionist Conference Is Held At The Biltmore Hotel In New York City, Solidifying Us-Zionist Relations”
355	1945 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“World War II comes to an end.”
356	6/26/1945 [treaties.un.org, accessed 5/10/2024]	Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice “Chapter I Purposes and Principles … 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; …” “CHAPTER IX INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COOPERATION Article 55 With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples …”
357	1946 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Irgun Bombs The King David Hotel In Jerusalem, Killing 91 People”
358	1947 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“UN Adopts Resolution 181, A Partition Plan For Palestine. Palestinians Reject It”
359	11/29/1947 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] Resolution 181	UN Partition Plan “The UN General Assembly passes Resolution 181 calling for the partition of the Palestinian territories into two states, one Jewish and one Arab. The resolution also envisions an international, UN-run body to administer Jerusalem. The Palestinian territories had been under the military and administrative control of the United Kingdom (known as a mandate) since the 1917 defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Civil strife and violence between the Jewish and Arab communities of the Palestinian territories intensifies.”
360	1947 [un.org, accessed 5/10/2024]	“The Arab world rejected the plan, arguing that it was unfair and violated the UN Charter.” [un.org, accessed 5/10/2024] 6/26/1945 – Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice “Chapter I Purposes and Principles … 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; …” “CHAPTER IX INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COOPERATION Article 55 With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples …” [treaties.un.org, accessed 5/10/2024]”
361	12/31/1947 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“the Baldat al-Sheikh massacre on December 31, 1947, killing up to 70 Palestinians”
362	12/1947 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“In less than six months, from December 1947 to mid-May 1948, Zionist armed groups expelled about 440,000 Palestinians from 220 villages.”
363	1947 (circa) [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“Between 1947 and 1949, at least 750,000 Palestinians from a 1.9 million population were made refugees beyond the borders of the state.”
364	1948 January [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Armed Zionist Group, Haganah, Bombs The Semiramis Hotel In Jerusalem. More Than 20 People Are Killed”
365	1948 February [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Zionist Forces Attack The Village Of Qisarya Near Haifa, An Early Example Of Ethnic Cleansing”
366	2/14/1948 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“… the Sa’sa’ massacre on February 14, 1948, when 16 houses were blown up and 60 people lost their lives”
367	4/9/1948 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“… the Deir Yassin massacre on April 9, 1948, when about 110 Palestinian men, women and children were slaughtereds”
368	1948 April [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Stern Gang And Irgun Forces Massacre Palestinians In The Village Of Dayr Yassin, Near Jerusalem”
369	May 14, 1948	Israel Declares Independence “Israel declares its independence as the British rule ends. Sparked by Israel’s declaration of independence, the first Arab-Israeli War begins. Egypt (supported by Saudi Arabian, Sudanese, and Yemeni troops), Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria invade Israel. The fighting continues until 1949, when Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria sign armistice agreements.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “The State Of Israel Is Created, Sparking Regional Conflict. The Us And Soviet Union Recognise Israel Immediately” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
370	5/14/1948 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israeli Declaration of Independence: Jewish leadership in the region of Palestine announces the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel.”
371	5/14/1948 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1948 May 14–1949 January 7 – The 1948 Arab–Israeli War: a large-scale war between Israel and five Arab countries and the Palestinian-Arabs. The war results in an Israeli victory, with Israel annexing territory beyond the borders of the proposed Jewish state and into the borders of the proposed Arab state and West Jerusalem. Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt signed the 1949 Armistice Agreements with Israel. The Gaza Strip and the West Bank, were occupied by Egypt and Transjordan, respectively, until 1967. In 1951, the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine estimated that some 711,000 Palestinian refugees were displaced by the war.”
372	5/14/1948 [warsawinstitute.org]	On 5/14/1948, Israel declared its independence. David Ben-Gurion was appointed Prime Minister.
373	5/15/1948 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“The British Mandate ended at midnight, and on May 15, the Israeli state came into being.”
374	5/15/1948 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“Every year on May 15, Palestinians around the world, numbering about 12.4 million, mark the Nakba, or ‘catastrophe’, referring to the ethnic cleansing of Palestine and the near-total destruction of Palestinian society in 1948.”
375	5/15/1948 [encyclopedia.com]	On 5/15/1948, the Arab armies of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and Lebanon invaded Israel. Numbers vary on the deaths on each side, as well as the end dates including 7/20/1949, but over 4,500 Israeli soldiers and 2,000 civilians were killed, and approx. 13,000 Palestinians died in the conflict.
376	8/1948 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Stern Gang Assassinates Folke Bernadotte, A Swedish Diplomat And The Un-Appointed Mediator In Palestine”
377	11/12/1948 [un.org, accessed 5/9/2024]	The UN General Assembly called for refugee return, property restitution and compensation. Palestine question – UN Mediator report, Conciliation Commission to be established, Jerusalem status, refugees – GA resolution 194 194 (III). Palestine — Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator In the report: “11. Resolves that the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible;”
378	12/11/1948 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	UN Addresses Palestinian Displacement “Over the course of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, at least seven hundred thousand Palestinian refugees flee their homes in an exodus known to Palestinians as the nakba (Arabic for ‘catastrophe’). Israel wins the war, retaining the territory provided to it by the United Nations and capturing some of the areas designated for the imagined future Palestinian state. Israel gains control of West Jerusalem, Egypt gains the Gaza Strip, and Jordan gains the West Bank and East Jerusalem, including the Old City and its historic Jewish quarter. In 1948, the UN General Assembly passes Resolution 194, which calls for the repatriation of Palestinian refugees. The Palestinians will later point to Resolution 194 as having established a ‘right of return’ for Palestinian refugees and their descendants. The specific parameters of that return are debated in the decades that follow, including among many descendants from the 1948 refugees and the three hundred thousand Palestinians who will flee their homes during the June 1967 war.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “UN General Assembly Passes Resolution 194, Affirming The Right Of Return Of Palestinian Refugees” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
379	1949 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The first Knesset (Israeli assembly) is held. Israel becomes a member of the United Nations.”
380	2/1949 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	1949 February – July “Armistice Agreements Are Signed Between Israel And Its Neighbouring Arab Countries: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan And Egypt”
381	2/24/1949 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israel and Egypt sign an armistice agreement.”
382	3/23/1949 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israel and Lebanon sign an armistice agreement.”
383	4/3/1949 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israel and Jordan sign an armistice agreement.”
384	7/20/1949 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israel and Syria sign an armistice agreement.”
385	12/1949 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“UN Establishes Unrwa, An Agency For Palestinian Refugees”
386	1950 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Spring – Jordan annexes the West Bank.”
387	1950 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Jordan Assumes Administrative Control Of The West Bank”
388	1950 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“… 1950, the remaining 2,500 Palestinian residents of the city of Majdal were forced into the Gaza Strip, about 2,000 inhabitants of Beer el-Sabe were expelled to the West Bank, and some 2,000 residents of two northern villages were driven into Syria. By the mid-1950s, the Palestinian population inside Israel had become about 195,000. “
389	8/28/1953 [cjpme.org]	Israeli attack led by Ariel Sharon’s military unit led to the death of approximately 50 civilians in the Al-Bureij refugee camp
390	10/14/1953 [un.org]	Jordanian October 14 and 15 an Israeli unit raided the West Bank town of Qibya in October 1953, killing 69 men, women, and children
391	12/16/1953 [un.org]	Jordanians killed two Israeli soldiers on patrol in the Beit Govrin area
392	1/27/1954 [un.org]	A member of the Jordanian irregular forces killed an Israeli policeman near Beit Kika
393	1/27/1954 [un.org]	Jordanian forces killed a member of an Israel police patrol near Lifta on the northern outskirts of Jerusalem
394	2/14/1954 [un.org]	Jordanian forces killed an Israeli villager on watch duty at Mahassia near Hartuv in Jerusalem
395	3/7/1954 [un.org]	An Arab Legion attack on an Israel border patrol led to the death of an Israeli guard, and the Jordanian government was considered responsible
396	3/10/1954 [un.org]	A Jordanian mine killed an Israeli soldier, injured three others, in a vehicle they were riding in near Beit Govrin
397	3/15/1954	Jordanians killed an Israeli bedouin in his tent near Shuval in the northern Negev on the road to Beersheba
398	3/17/1954 [un.org]	Arab gunmen shot and killed 11 Israelis on a bus from Elath to Beersheba near the Scorpion Pass in the Negev Desert of Israel
399	3/26/1954 [un.org]	Jordanians killed a village watchman in Kissalon
400	1956 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Massacres Palestinians In The Villages Of Qalqilya, Kufr Qassem And Khan Younis”
401	10/29/1956 [history.state.gov, accessed 4/14/2024]	The Suez Crisis “The Suez Crisis began on October 29, 1956, when Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal, a valuable waterway that controlled two-thirds of the oil used by Europe. In July of that year, Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the canal. The Israelis were joined by French and British forces, which damaged their relationships with the United States and nearly brought the Soviet Union into the conflict. In the end, Egypt emerged victorious, and the British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops in late 1956 and early 1957. The event was a pivotal event among Cold War superpowers.”
402	10/29/1956 / 11/7/1956 [testbook.com]	Suez Crisis (Sinai War) – Israel, along with Britain and France, invaded Egypt in response to Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s nationalization of the Suez Canal. International pressure, including from the United States and the Soviet Union, forced the withdrawal of the invading forces. More than 1,000 Egyptians, 231 Israelis, 16 British, and 10 French deaths
403	10/29/1956 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1956 October 29–November 5 – The Sinai Campaign. This war followed Egypt’s decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal. Initiated by United Kingdom and France, the war was conducted in cooperation with Israel, and aimed at occupying the Sinai Peninsula, with the Europeans regaining control over the Suez Canal. Although the Israeli occupation of the Sinai was successful, the US and USSR forced it to abandon this conquest. Israel, however, managed to re-open the Straits of Tiran and secure its southern border.”
404	6/2/1964 [jewishvirtuallibrary.org]	1964: Creation of the Palestinian Liberation Organization during the Arab League Summit in Cairo
405	6/2/1964 [jewishvirtuallibrary.org]	“Creation of the Palestinian Liberation Organization during the Arab League Summit in Cairo” [jewishvirtuallibrary.org] “The Palestinian Liberation Organisation Is Formed In Cairo” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024] “During the Arab League Summit in 1964, Palestinians came together to create one central organization – the PLO. The PLO’s Palestine National Council (PNC) was first comprised of Palestinian civilians and helped define the group’s goals, which included the destruction of Israel. The organization’s first chairman was Ahmad Shuqayrī.” [history.com, accessed 4/14/2024]
406	1966 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Massacres Palestinians In The Village Of As-Samu’”
407	1967 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Occupies The Rest Of Historic Palestine, Including The Gaza Strip And The West Bank, As Well As The Syrian Golan Heights And The Egyptian Sinai”
408	1967 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The UN Security Council Passes Resolution 242 Calling On Israel To Withdraw From Territories It Occupied In 1967”
409	6/5/1967 – 6/10/1967 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Six-Day War “Israel and several of its Arab neighbors fight the Six-Day War. Israel wins a decisive victory: it suffers seven hundred casualties; its adversaries suffer nearly twenty thousand. Israel emerges with control of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip—areas inhabited primarily by Palestinians—as well as all of East Jerusalem. Israel also takes control of Syria’s Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula, which is part of Egypt. Israel will stay in the Sinai Peninsula until April 1982.”
410	6/5/1967 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1967 June 5–10 – The Six-Day War between Israel and all of its neighboring countries: Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon which were aided by other Arab countries. The war lasted for six days and concluded with Israel expanding its territory significantly — Gaza Strip and Sinai from Egypt, the West Bank and Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.”
411	6/8/1967 [cia.gov]	CIA reported Israel attacked USS Liberty, a US Naval technical research ship off the Sinai Peninsula, leading to the death of 10
412	11/22/1967 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	UN Security Council Resolution Calls for Israeli Withdrawal “The UN Security Council passes Resolution 242 calling for Israeli ‘withdrawal … from territories occupied in the recent conflict’ and for the termination of “states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of every state in the area and the right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries.” The resolution establishes the concept of land for peace.”
413	1969 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“Golda Meir is elected Prime Minister. She is the first woman prime minister of Israel.”
414	1970 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Attacks Palestinian Fighters During ‘Black September’ In Jordan”
415	9/5/1972 [britannica.com]	Munich Olympics Massacre – On 9/5/1972 through 9/6/1972 five members of a Palestinian terrorist group were killed after attempting to kidnap members of Israel’s Olympic Team in Munich, leading to the deaths of 11 Israelis and another person.
416	9/5/1972 [france24.com, accessed 4/14/2024]	Massacre at the 1972 Olympic Games “Palestinian militants took 11 members of the Israeli delegation hostage inside the Olympic village in Munich, Germany, on September 5, 1972. The terrorists, who claimed to be part of the Black September movement, were demanding the liberation of Palestinian prisoners held in Israel. After killing two hostages, they negotiated for a plane to take them out of the country. But a German police operation to rescue the Israelis went horribly wrong. In the end, all the hostages were killed, along with five of the eight attackers and a German police officer.”
417	1973 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The UN Security Council Passes Resolution 338 Following The October War, Calling For A Ceasefire And, Once Again, For Israel To Withdraw From Territories It Occupied In 1967”
418	10/3/1973 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Yom Kippur War “Another Arab-Israeli war, known variously as the Yom Kippur War, the Ramadan War, and the October War, is fought when Egypt and Syria attempt to retake the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights. Cold War tensions spike as the Soviet Union aids Egypt and Syria and the United States aids Israel. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries begins an oil embargo on countries that support Israel, and the price of oil skyrockets. The fighting ends after a UN-sponsored cease-fire (negotiated by the United States and the Soviet Union) takes hold. The UN Security Council passes Resolution 338, which calls for implementing UN Security Council Resolution 242.”
419	10/6/1973 [american.edu]	On 10/6/1973 through 10/26/1973, Egypt and Syria launched a losing operation against Israel on Yom Kippur that lasted about three weeks. Some names for the war include Yom Kippur War and Ramadan War. 2,656 Israeli soldiers were killed, and “around 15,000 Eqyptians killed and 3,500 Syrians killed.” [kiro7.com, accessed 4/29/2024]
420	10/6/1973 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1973 October 6–24 – The Yom Kippur War was fought. The war began with a surprise joint attack on two fronts by the armies of Syria (in the Golan Heights) and Egypt (in the Suez Canal), deliberately initiated during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. The Egyptian Army got back Sinai that was occupied by the Israeli armies for almost 7 years.”
421	1974 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The PLO is allowed to represent the Palestinian Arab refugees in the UN as their sole political representative organisation.”
422	1974 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The Arab League Recognises The Plo As The Sole, Legitimate Representative Body Of The Palestinian People”
423	1976 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Confiscates Thousands Of Hectares Of Land From Palestinian Citizens. Mass Protests Organised In Response Were Brutally Put Down; Now “Land Day” Is Commemorated Every Year”
424	1978 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Egypt And Israel Sign The Camp David Accords”
425	9/1/1978 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Camp David Accords “Israel and Egypt sign the Camp David Accords, which establish a basis for a peace treaty between the two countries. The accords also commit the Israeli and Egyptian governments, along with other parties, to negotiate the disposition of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.”
426	9/18/1978 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israel and Egypt sign a comprehensive peace agreement at Camp David which included a condition of Israel’s withdrawal from the Rest of Sinai.”
427	3/26/1979 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The peace treaty with Egypt was signed by the Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and U.S. President Jimmy Carter.”
428	3/26/1979 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Israel Withdraws From the Sinai Peninsula “Egypt and Israel sign a peace treaty, the first between Israel and one of its Arab neighbors. The treaty commits Israel to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula and evacuate its settlements there. The termination of the state of war between Egypt and Israel leads to the normalization of diplomatic and commercial relations between the two countries. Israel’s prime minister and Egypt’s president exchange letters reaffirming their commitment—outlined in the Camp David Accords—to negotiate the disposition of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.”
429	9/5/1979 / 9/17/1979	Camp David Accords – Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel
430	1980 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Shekel becomes the official currency of Israel replacing the Israeli lira.”
431	1982 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Invades Lebanon”
432	1982 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“UN International Day Of Solidarity With The Palestinian People”
433	1982 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1982 June–December – The First Lebanon War took place during which Israel invaded southern Lebanon due to the constant terror attacks on northern Israel by the Palestinian guerrilla organizations resident there. The war resulted in the expulsion of the PLO from Lebanon, and created an Israeli Security Zone in southern Lebanon.”
434	6/5/1982 [idf.il, 4/29/2024]	First Lebanon War – After Shlomo Argov, Israel’s ambassador to the United Kingdom, was shot in London on 6/3 and wounded, this event reportedly set off what is known as the First Lebanon War, Operation Peace for the Galilee, or Operation Shalom Hagalil. Dates differ and range from June 1982 to 1985. “According to the Defense Ministry, Israel suffered 1217 fatalities in the war itself, which lasted between 1982 and 1985.” [ynetnews.com, 4/29/2024]
435	11/21/1984 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1984 November 21–1985 January 5 – Operation Moses: IDF forces conduct a secret operation in which approximately 8,000 Ethiopian Jews were brought to Israel from Sudan.”
436	10/7/1985 [embassies.gov.il]	Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) attacked the Achille Lauro ship en route to Israel killing an American passenger
437	9/6/1986 [embassies.gov.il]	Abu Nidal organization attacked the Neveh Shalom synagogue in Istanbul, Turkey, killing 22 people
438	11/25/1987 [embassies.gov.il]	Palestinian terrorists crossed into Israel from Lebanon, near Kiryat Shemona, on hang gliders, and killed six Israeli soldiers, wounding eight
439	1987 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1987–1991 – The First Intifada: The first Palestinian uprising took place in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank against the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories.”
440	12/9/1987 [makan.org.uk, 4/29/2024]	12/9/1987 – 9/13/1993: First Intifada – Protests led to a war in the Gaza Strip and West Bank for five years until the Oslo Accords were signed, and the first reported Hamas attack on Israel resulted in one Israeli solider kisnapped and killed 2/16/1989.
441	12/1/1987 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	First Intifada “An Israeli driver kills four Palestinians in a car accident that sparks the first intifada, or uprising, against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza. The image of Palestinians throwing rocks at Israeli tanks becomes the enduring image of the intifada. Over the next six years, roughly 200 Israelis and 1,300 Palestinians are killed. A Palestinian cleric named Sheikh Ahmed Yassin establishes the militant group Hamas as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood. Hamas endorses jihad as a way to regain territory for Muslims; the United States designates Hamas a foreign terrorist organization in 1997.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “The First Intifada Is Launched In The Occupied Palestinian Territory” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
442	1988 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The PLO Accepts Un Resolutions 242 And 338, Recognising The State Of Israel”
443	7/31/1988 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Jordan Surrenders Claims on the West Bank and East Jerusalem “King Hussein of Jordan relinquishes his country’s claims to the West Bank and East Jerusalem in favor of the claims of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). In December of the same year, PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat denounces violence, recognizes Israel’s right to exist, and acknowledges UN Security Council Resolution 242 and the concept of land for peace. The United States responds to Arafat’s announcement by beginning direct talks with him, though it suspends the talks following a Palestinian terrorist attack against Israel.”
444	11/15/1988 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Palestinian Declaration of Independence (1988) – The Palestinian National Council, the legislative body of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), in Algiers on 15 November 1988 unilaterally proclaimed the establishment of a new independent state called the ‘State of Palestine'”
445	1991 [ducksters.com, 4/28/2024]	“The Gulf War occurs. Israel is hit by Scud missiles from Iraq.”
446	5/24/1991 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“1991 May 24–25 – Operation Solomon: IDF forces conduct a secret operation in which approximately 14,400 Ethiopian Jews were brought to Israel within 34 hours in 30 IAF and El Al aircraft.”
447	10/30/1991 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Madrid Peace Conference “The Madrid Peace Conference begins, sponsored jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union. Israeli, Jordanian, Lebanese, Palestinian, and Syrian delegates attend the first negotiations among those parties. The talks proceed along bilateral tracks between Israel and its neighbors, though the Lebanese join the Syrian delegation and the Jordanian team includes Palestinian representatives. A multilateral track includes the wider Arab world and addresses regional issues. The talks last for two years without any breakthroughs.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “The Madrid Peace Conference Ends Without A Breakthrough” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
448	1992 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“More Multilateral Talks Take Place, But The Palestinians Are No Closer To Statehood”
449	1993 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The PLO And Israel Sign The Declaration Of Principles On Interim Self-Government Arrangements (Oslo I)”
450	9/13/1993 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Oslo Accords “Secret negotiations in Norway result in the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements, also known as the Oslo Accords. Before the accords are signed, Israel and the PLO recognize each other in an exchange of letters. Israel and the PLO agree to the creation of the Palestinian Authority to temporarily administer the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Israel also agrees to begin withdrawing from parts of the West Bank, though large swaths of land and Israeli settlements remain under the Israeli military’s exclusive control. The Oslo Accords envision a peace agreement by 1999. Palestinian leader Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for their efforts on the Oslo Accords.”
451	9/13/1993 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“The first Oslo Accords are signed at an official ceremony in Washington in the presence of Yitzhak Rabin for Israel, Yasser Arafat for PLO and Bill Clinton for the United States.”
452	12/1/1993 [govinfo.gov]	Hamas in a drive-by shooting north of Jerusalem killed a 19-year-old American
453	5/4/1994 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Gaza-Jericho Agreement “The Israelis and the Palestinians sign the Gaza-Jericho Agreement, which begins implementation of the Oslo Accords. The agreement provides for an Israeli military withdrawal from Gaza and Jericho, a town in the West Bank, and for a transfer of authority from Israeli administration to the newly formed Palestinian Authority. The agreement also establishes the structure and composition of the Palestinian Authority, its jurisdiction and legislative powers, a Palestinian police force, and relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Arafat returns to the Gaza Strip after a long absence.”
454	10/9/1994 [deseret.com]	Palestinian gunmen shot and killed an Israeli soldier and an Israeli-Arab, and wounded 13 others, in a nightclub in in the Nahalat Shiva neighborhood, Jerusalem, one mile from Secretary of State Warren Christopher’s hotel
455	10/9/1994 [govinfo.gov]	Hamas kidnapped and murdered a 19-year-old American
456	10/19/1994 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian suicide bombing on the No. 5 bus on Dizengoff Street in Tel-Aviv killed 21 Israelis and one Dutch national
457	10/26/1994 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Israel and Jordan Sign a Peace Treaty “Israel and Jordan sign a peace treaty, settling their territorial dispute and agreeing to future cooperation in sectors such as trade and tourism. This is Israel’s second peace treaty with an Arab state. It accords special administrative responsibilities for Jerusalem’s Muslim holy places to Jordan.”
458	11/11/1994 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bicycle bomber killed three Israeli soldiers at Netzarim Junction in the Gaza Strip reportedly in retaliation for a car bomb that killed an Islamic Jihad leader on 11/2
459	4/9/1995 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas and Islamic Jihad suicide bus bombers (two) in a van ran into a bus killing eight in Kfar Darom in the Gaza Strip, including a 20-year-old American from New Jersey
460	6/25/1995 [academia.edu]	Hamas / Islamic Jihad explosives-laden cart killed one in Neve Dekalim in Gaza Strip
461	8/21/1995 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bus bombing in Ramat Eshkol, Jerusalem, killed four, including a woman from Connecticut
462	9/9/1995 [govinfo.gov]	Palestinian terrorist(s) stabbed a Chicago woman in Ma’ale Michmash in the West Bank leading to the death of her unborn child
463	9/28/1995 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Oslo II Accord “Israeli and Palestinian negotiators sign the Interim Agreement, sometimes called Oslo II. It gives the Palestinians control over additional areas of the West Bank and defines the security, electoral, public administration, and economic arrangements that will govern those areas until a final peace agreement is reached in 1999.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “The PLO And Israel Sign An Interim Agreement Granting The Palestinians Some Autonomy In Certain Parts Of The West Bank And Gaza Strip (Oslo II)” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
464	11/4/1995 [jpost.com, accessed 4/14/2024]	Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by Jewish extremist Yigal Amir “Shortly after the rally at Tel Aviv’s Kings of Israel Square, later posthumously named after Rabin, Israeli right-wing extremist Yigal Amir shot the former prime minister three times, hitting Rabin twice as he was entering his vehicle. Amir was sentenced to life in prison for the murder of the former prime minister and was later sentenced to an additional eight years for injuring Rabin’s bodyguard, who was hit by Amir’s third shot.”
465	2/25/1996 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bomber killed one Israeli at a hitchhiking post outside Ashkelon
466	2/25/1996 [en-academic.com]	Hamas suicide bus bombing on Jaffa Road near the Jerusalem Central Bus Station of bus #18 killed 24, with two later dying of their wounds, and two were Americans
467	3/3/1996 [en-academic.com]	Hamas suicide bus bomber killed 19 (16 civilians and 3 soldiers) on bus #18 on Jaffa Street in Jerusalem in similar attack to 2/25/1996
468	3/4/1996 [israeled.org]	Hamas suicide nail bomber killed 13 Israelis, including a soldier, outside the Dizengoff Center in Tel Aviv
469	4/11/1996 [hrw.org, 4/29/2024]	4/11/1996 / 4/27/1996 : Operation Grapes of Wrath – Initiated by Israel against Lebanese guerrillas leading to approximately 154 civilians killed in Lebanon, and another 351 injured, with three Israeli women injured
470	5/13/1996 [govinfo.gov]	A Palestinian terrorist(s) drive-by shooting resulted in the death of a 17-year-old New York City boy near Beit El, north of Jerusalem
471	6/9/1996 [govinfo.gov]	A Palestinian terrorist(s) killed an American in a drive by-shooting near Beit Shemesh, near Jerusalem
472	1997 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“The PLO And Israel Sign An Agreement That Requires Israeli Forces To Partially Withdraw From Hebron”
473	3/21/1997 [jta.org]	Hamas satchel bombing at Apropo Café killed three Israelis, including a 16-week pregnant woman, and injured 48 others, in Tel Aviv
474	5/15/1998 [aljazeera.com, accessed 5/5/2024]	“Palestinians commemorated their national tragedy of losing a homeland in an unofficial way for decades, but in 1998, the former President of the Palestinian Authority, Yasser Arafat, declared May 15 a national day of remembrance, on the 50th year since the Nakba. Israel celebrates the day as its day of independence.”
475	10/29/1998 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian suicide car bomber killed an Israeli soldier in a jeep escorting a bus with 40 elementary school students from Kfar Darom in the Gaza Strip
476	2000 (circa) [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“2000–2005 (unclear) – The Second Intifada: The second Palestinian uprising took place in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank against the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories. The uprising which began as massive protests carried out by Palestinians in the Palestinian Territories, soon turned into a violent Palestinian guerrilla campaign which included numerous suicide attacks carried out against Israeli civilians within the state of Israel.”
477	7/11/2000 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Camp David Summit 7/11/2000 – 7/25/2000: “President Bill Clinton hosts Israeli and Palestinian leaders for talks at Camp David. Reports indicate that Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak is prepared to accept, among other things, Palestinian sovereignty over some 91 percent of the West Bank and certain parts of Jerusalem. The deal would include a land swap in which some Israeli land would go to the Palestinians in compensation for the remaining 9 percent of the West Bank, which would go to Israel. Two weeks of intensive discussion, however, fails to produce an agreement. President Clinton blames Arafat for the failure. Before leaving office several months later, Clinton lays out proposals for both sides. Talks between them continue, but without success.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “The PLO And Israel Renew Final Status Negotiations At The Camp David II Summit” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
478	9/28/2000 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Second Intifada “Israeli politicians, including Ariel Sharon, a controversial retired Israeli general, visit the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif. The Palestinians view the visit as an effort to change the status quo at the holy site. The ensuing demonstrations turn violent, marking the beginning of a second intifada. It will last until 2005 and be markedly more violent than the first intifada. Four thousand Palestinians and one thousand Israelis die.”
479	10/6/2000 [pbs.org]	Palestine declared day of rage in the Old City of Jerusalem, Israel responded to riots and 10 Palestinian are killed
480	10/12/2000 [pbs.org]	Palestinians kill two soldiers in Ramallah and Israel initiated air raids
481	11/2/2000 [pbs.org]	Islamic Jihad set off a car bomb killing two Israelis near the Mahane Yehuda market in Jerusalem, and injured 10
482	11/9/2000 [pbs.org]	An Israeli gunship missile targeted and killed Fatah militia leader Hussein Suyef Abeyat and two others
483	11/20/2000 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian roadside bomb exploded near a schoolbus killing two and wounding nine, including five children, and Israel bombed Palestinian targets in Gaza as a result
484	11/22/2000 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian bomb that exploded near a passing bus killed two Israelis in Hadera
485	11/22/2000 [pbs.org]	Israelis killed four Fatah members reportedly in response to a car bomb that killed two Israelis in Hadera
486	12/10/2000 / 12/14/2000	Israeli squads killed at least four militant Palestinian leaders
487	12/22/2000 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian suicide bomber injured three Israeli soldiers at the Mehola Junction roadside cafe in the northern Jordan Valley
488	1/1/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide car bombing near a bus stop in the shopping district in the center of Netanya injured 60
489	3/4/2001 [pbs.org]	Hamas suicide bomber killed three at a shopping mall in Netanya
490	3/7/2001 [cnn.com, 4/29/2024]	3/7/2001 – 4/11/2006: Likud leader Ariel Sharon becomes Prime Minister of Israel.
491	3/8/2001 [pbs.org]	Arafat requests start to Peace talks
492	3/27/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bombing directed at a No. 6 bus at the French Hill junction in Jerusalem injured 28
493	3/28/2001 [pbs.org]	Israel killed two in helicopter strikes on Gaza and the West Bank
494	4/29/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide car bombing close to a school bus near Nablus in the West Bank led to no injuries, except the death of the bomber
495	5/25/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Two Islamic Jihad suicide car bombers injured 65 in the Hadera central bus station
496	6/13/2001 [pbs.org]	CIA Director George Tenet brokers cease-fire plan
497	6/22/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas roadside jeep bombing killed two 19-year-old Israeli sargeants near Dugit in the Gaza Strip
498	7/9/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bomber died in car explosion near the Kissufim crossing point in the southern Gaza Strip
499	7/16/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Islamic Jihad suicide bombing killed two Israeli soldiers, 19 and 20, and wounded 11, at a bus stop near the train station in Binyamina, halfway between Netanya and Haifa
500	8/8/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian suicide car bomber injured a soldier at a roadblock near the B’kaot moshav in the northern Jordan Valley
501	8/12/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Islamic Jihad suicide bomber wounded 15 at a restaurant in Kiryat Motzkin in Haifa
502	8/25/2001 [pbs.org]	The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine killed three Israeli soldiers at a Gaza Strip Israeli army post
503	8/27/2001 [pbs.org]	Israeli troops killed the secretary-general of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) with missile strike in Ramallah
504	9/4/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bomber posed as an ultra-Orthodox Jew and injured 20 in Hanevi’im Street near Bikur Holim hospital
505	9/9/2001 [pbs.org]	A Palestinian suicide bomber wounded 17 at the Beit Lid junction near Netanya, and reportedly was the one found dead
506	9/26/2001 [pbs.org]	Yasser Arafat and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres agree to work toward truce
507	10/2/2001 [pbs.org]	Hamas gunmen killed two Israelis in a Gaza Strip Jewish settlement
508	10/17/2001 [pbs.org]	Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine killed Israeli tourism minister Rehavam Zeevi
509	11/26/2001 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bomber posing as a worker wounded two border policemen at the Erez crossing point in the Gaza Strip
510	12/12/2001 [pbs.org]	Palestinian gunmen killed 10 Israelis on a bus in the West Bank near a Jewish settlement close to Nablus, and Israel responded with helicopter fire on Palestinian West Bank and Gaza buildings
511	2002 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Reoccupies Palestinian Cities In The West Bank In The Wake Of The Second Intifada”
512	1/5/2002 [pbs.org]	Israel says it stopped 50 tons of Iranian supplied weapons to Palestine
513	1/17/2002 [pbs.org]	An Al Aqsa Brigades gunman killed six Israelis, injured at least 24, at a bat mitzvah party in Hadera, and the shooter was then killed in return
514	1/27/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	A female Fatah suicide bomber killed one Israeli and injured over 150 on Jaffa Road in the center of Jerusalem
515	2/15/2002 [pbs.org]	A Palestinian mine resulted in an Israeli tank being destroyed and the death of three tank crew and Palestinians reportedly killed an elite Israeli commando leader, reportedly resulting in Israel initiating an airstrike on a Palestinian police compound at Jabalya refugee camp in Gaza
516	2/15/2002 [govinfo.gov]	Palestinian terrorist(s) shot and killed an American citizen near Ramallah
517	2/18/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	An al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades suicide car bomber killed a policeman when stopped on the road between Maale Adumim settlement and Jerusalem in the West Bank
518	2/20/2002 [pbs.org]	Israeli assault on Palestinian Authority buildings in Gaza City resulted in 16 Palestinian deaths
519	2/25/2002 [govinfo.gov]	Palestinian terrorist(s) stabbed and killed a 25-year-old American in Abu Tor Peace Forest, Jerusalem
520	2/27/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian suicide bomber died at the Maccabim roadblock on the Jerusalem-Modi’in highway, injuring three policemen
521	2/28/2002 / 3/1/2002	Israeli invasion of two refugee camps near the West Bank towns of Nablus and Jenin resulted in 20 Palestinian and one Israeli soldier deaths
522	3/3/2002 [pbs.org]	An Al Aqsa Brigades sniper killed 10 Israelis at a checkpoint in the West Bank
523	3/5/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	Islamic Jihad suicide bomber killed one person age 85, injured others, at Afula central bus station
524	3/7/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	A PFLP suicide bomber exploded in a lobby of a hotel in the commericial center on the outskirts of Ariel in Samaria, injuring 15
525	3/17/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	Islamic Jihad suicide bomber injured 25 near an Egged bus no. 22 at the French Hill junction in northern Jerusalem
526	3/24/2002 [govinfo.gov]	Palestinian terrorist(s) shot and killed a 23-year-old American near Ofra in the West Bank
527	3/27/2002 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The Passover Massacre “A terrorist attack kills thirty people at a Passover celebration at a hotel in the Israeli city of Netanya. As a result, the Israeli military reoccupies portions of the West Bank, including the city of Ramallah, where the Palestinian Authority is located and where Arafat has his West Bank headquarters.”
528	3/28/2002 [.jewishvirtuallibrary.org, 4/29/2024]	3/28/2002 / 5/10/2002: Operation Defensive Shield – Initiated by Israel against terrorists in the West Bank in response to a series of terrorist attacks including a Passover massacre. In addition to the Passover Massacre, this led to the death of approximately 250 Palestinians.
529	3/29/2002 [pbs.org]	Israel attacks Arafat’s Ramallah compound
530	3/31/2002 [pbs.org]	Ariel Sharon says Israel at war with Yasser Arafat
531	5/20/2002 [hrw.org]	A suicide bomber killed himself when stopped for questioning as he tried to board a bus at Taanakhim junction headed for Afula
532	5/24/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian car bomber was killed by a security guard to stop an attack on Studio 49 Disco in Tel Aviv, in which 5 were injured
533	6/2002 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“As a result of the significant increase of suicide bombing attacks within Israeli population centers during the first years of the Second Intifada, Israel began the construction of the West Bank Fence along the Green Line border arguing that the barrier is necessary to protect Israeli civilians from Palestinian militants. The significantly reduced number of incidents of suicide bombings from 2002 to 2005 has been partly attributed to the barrier. The barrier’s construction, which has been highly controversial, became a major issue of contention between the two sides.”
534	6/23/2002 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Israeli West Bank Barrier-Building Begins “Israel begins building a security barrier in the West Bank to protect Israeli cities and towns from terrorist attacks. The barrier, which is a wall in some stretches and a fence in others, is controversial because in places it cuts deep into West Bank territory to protect settlements. The Palestinians are cut off from Jerusalem, some Palestinian villages are sliced in half, and some Palestinians are unable to get to work or school as a result of the security barrier’s path. Israel’s Supreme Court forces changes in the barrier’s route, but the barrier continues to impede Palestinian movement and commerce in certain areas.”
535	7/17/2002 [hrw.org]	An al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigade dual suicide bombing killed five (three were foreign), injured 25, near Tel Aviv’s old station
536	7/30/2002 [hrw.org]	An al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigade child suicide attack injured five at a falafel shop in central Jerusalem
537	7/31/2002 [ejewishphilanthropy.com]	A Hamas bombing in Jerusalem killed four Israelis and five Americans, injured 85, in the Hebrew University Sinatra cafeteria
538	8/5/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	A Palestinian terrorist exploded a bomb in a car at the Umm al-Fahm junction in northern Israel, wounding the driver
539	9/18/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	An Islamic Jihad suicide bomber killed an Israeli police sargeant, age 21, wounded three, at a bus stop at the Umm al Fahm junction when approached for questioning
540	10/10/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bomber killed a 71-year-old Israeli, injured about 30, while trying to board Dan bus No. 87 across from Bar-Ilan University on the Geha highway (Route 4)
541	10/27/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	A Hamas suicide bomber killed two IDF officers and a non-commissioned officer, injured 20, at the Sonol gas station at the entrance to Ariel in Samaria
542	11/4/2002 [embassies.gov.il]	An Islamic Jihad suicide bomber killed two Argentinian immigrants, one a teenager, and wounded about 70, at a shopping mall in Kfar Sava
543	3/30/2003 [embassies.gov.il]	An Islamic Jihad suicide bomber wounded over 40 on the pedestrian mall at the entrance to the London Cafe in the center of Netanya
544	4/24/2003 [embassies.gov.il]	A suicide bomber, claimed by groups related to the Fatah al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and the PFLP, killed a 23-year-old security guard, wounded 13, outside the train station in Kfar Sava
545	5/17/2003 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bomber killed an Israeli man and his wife, ages 31 and 37, in Hebron
546	4/30/2003 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Road Map for Peace “The Quartet, an informal group created to pursue Middle East peace comprising the United States, Russia, the United Nations, and the European Union, puts forth a Road Map for Peace based on the outline President George W. Bush offered in his 2002 speech. The road map lays out a plan for peace based on Palestinian reforms and a cessation of terrorism in return for an end to Israeli settlements and a new Palestinian state.”
547	5/19/2003 [embassies.gov.il]	Hamas suicide bomber on a bike was killed while detonating explosives next to a military jeep near Kfar Darom in the southern Gaza Strip, injuring three IDF soldiers
548	6/19/2003 [embassies.gov.il]	An Islamic Jihad suicide bomber killed an Israeli man, age 58, in his grocery on Sde Trumot, south of Beit Shean
550	7/7/2003 [embassies.gov.il]	An Islamic Jihad suicide bomber killed a grandmother, wounded her three grandchildren, in her Moshav Kfar Yavetz home
551	8/12/2003 [embassies.gov.il]	Palestinian teen suicide bomber killed an Israeli man age 18, and wounded three with one dying later on 8/28, at a bus stop outside Ariel ddxx
552	2004 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	Yasser Arafat Dies
553	5/18/2004 [mezan.org, 4/29/2024]	5/18/2004 – 5/24/2004: Operation Rainbow – Initiated by Israelis against Rafah city in Gaza allegedly looking for tunnels leading to the death of 44 Palestinians
554	6/29/2004 [un.org, 4/29/2024]	6/29/2004 – 8/5/2004: Raid on Beit Hanoun; Operation Forward Shield
555	9/22/2004 [cbsnews.com]	An Al Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigade female suicide bomber killed two Israeli police trying to stop the attack in a Jerusalem bus shelter, and wounded others
556	9/28/2004 (circa) [United Nations PDF, accessed 4/30/2024]	Israelis launch Operation Days of Penitence to stop Palestinian rocket attacks and 9/23 – 9/24 leading to approximately 65 Palestinian deaths
557	9/30/2004 [un.org, accessed 4/30/2024]	9/30/2004 – 10/16/2004: Operation Days of Penitence
558	1/13/2005 [historycentral.com]	Hamas Karni crossing attack killed 6 Israeli civilians
559	8/15/2005 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Israeli Disengagement With Gaza “Israel begins a unilateral withdrawal of settlers and military forces from the Gaza Strip. The Israeli military remains in control of Gaza’s borders (except the Gaza-Egypt border, which is controlled by Egypt), airspace, and coastline. After Israel’s withdrawal, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and other smaller militant groups fire rockets from Gaza into southern Israel.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “Israel Conducts Its ‘Disengagement'” From Gaza [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
560	8/23/2005 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israel’s unilateral disengagement plan: The evacuation of 25 Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip and West Bank is completed.”
561	2006 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“War Breaks Out Between Israel And Hezbollah In Lebanon”
562	1/26/2006 [theguardian.com]	Hamas, an acronym for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya (“Islamic Resistance Movement”), founded by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, a Palestinian cleric, elected as ruling government of the Palestinian people
563	1/29/2006 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Hamas Expands Power in Gaza “Hamas defeats Fatah, a Palestinian political faction founded in 1950s which was a long-dominant faction within the PLO, in Palestinian elections. The United States and other countries suspend their aid to the Palestinian Authority because they consider Hamas to be a terrorist organization. Fatah and Hamas make a deal to govern the West Bank and Gaza Strip together. The deal quickly fails, and Hamas takes over the Gaza Strip in 2007.”
564	6/25/2006 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Gilad Shalit Taken Hostage “Hamas operatives kidnap an Israeli soldier named Gilad Shalit on Israeli soil near the Gaza Strip. The Israeli military tries and fails to free him. He is held captive in Gaza until Israel—with the help of Egypt and the United States—negotiates his release in 2012.”
565	6/28/2006 [idf.il, accessed 4/30/2024]	6/28/2006 – 11/26/2006: Operation Summer Rains – Initiated by Israel after Hamas killed two soldiers.
566	7/12/2006 [hrw.org, 4/29/2024]	7/12/2006 – 8/14/2006: Second Lebanon War
567	7/12/2006 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“2006 July 12–August 14 – The Second Lebanon War took place, which began as a military operation in response to the abduction of two Israeli reserve soldiers by the Hezbollah, and gradually grew to a wider conflict. 1,191 Lebanese were killed, 4,409 were injured.”
568	11/1/2006 [idf.il, accessed 4/30/2024]	11/1/2006 – 11/7/2006: Operation Autumn Clouds
569	2007 [ecf.org.il, accessed 4/14/2024]	Hamas Government Formed “A short confrontation between Fatah and Hamas over control of the Gaza Strip, concluding with a complete victory for the latter, that took place in June 2007. It followed a period of growing tensions between the two organizations in the wake of Hamas’ victory in the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections. After the fighting ended, Fatah leader and PNA President Mahmoud Abbas dismissed Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh and his Hamas-dominated government, but the latter refused to relinquish control. As a result, two rival Palestinian governments were formed: a Hamas government in the Gaza Strip, led by Haniyeh, and a Fatah government in the Israeli-controlled West Bank, led by Abbas-appointed Salam Fayyad. Since 2007, several unsuccessful attempts have been made to form a Fatah-Hamas unity government.”
570	11/27/2007 [un.org, accessed 4/14/2024]	Annapolis Conference – Israeli-Palestinian joint understanding (“Annapolis understanding”) – White House press release/Non-UN document “PRESIDENT BUSH: The representatives of the government of the state of Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization, represented respective by Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, and President Mahmoud Abbas in his capacity as Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee and President of the Palestinian Authority, have convened in Annapolis, Maryland, under the auspices of President George W. Bush of the United States of America, and with the support of the participants of this international conference, having concluded the following joint understanding. …”
571	2008 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Peace Activists On Two Boats Drop Anchor In Gaza, Breaking The Israeli Blockade”
572	2/27/2008 [jpost.com, accessed 4/30/2024]	2/27/2008 – 3/3/2008: Operation Warm Winter
573	12/27/2008 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Israel Attacks the Gaza Strip “Israel attacks the Gaza Strip following nearly eight hundred rocket attacks from Gaza on Israeli towns in the months of November and December. The war lasts less than a month but kills hundreds of civilians, in addition to hundreds of combatants, and sparks international criticism.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “Israel Attacks The Gaza Strip In What It Calls ‘Operation Cast Lead'” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
574	12/27/2008 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“2008 December 27–2009 January 18 – Operation Cast Lead: IDF forces conducted a large-scale military operation in the Gaza Strip during which dozens of targets were attacked in the Gaza Strip in response to ongoing rocket fire on the western Negev. 1,291 Palestinians were killed.”
575	11/25/2009 [haaretz.com, accessed 4/14/2024]	Israeli Freeze on Settlements “Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced on Wednesday evening that Israel would impose a 10-month freeze on construction in West Bank settlements …”
576	5/15/2011 [wilsoncenter.org]	Israeli soldiers fired on and killed 12 of the thousands of Palestinians protestors when some started throwing rocks and tried to cross over from Gaza, Lebanon, Syria and the West Bank
577	5/19/2011 [wilsoncenter.org]	President Obama endorsed a two-state solution based on 1967 borders
578	2012 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Attacks Gaza Once More, In What It Calls ‘Operation Pillar Of Defense'”
579	3/30/2012 [wilsoncenter.org]	Israeli troops killed a Palestinian protestor in Gaza during annual rallies protesting Israel land policies
580	4/27/2012 [wilsoncenter.org]	President Obama unfroze $192 million Palestinian Authority aid package
581	9/26/2012 [wilsoncenter.org]	Bureij refugee camp protestors called for ousting Hamas after a three-year-old boy died in a fire during a power outage
582	11/14/2012 [un.org, 4/29/2024]	11/14/2012 – 11/21/2012: Operation Pillar of Defense – Initiated by Israel using airstrikes on Gaza Strip military and other targets leading to the deaths of 165 Palestinians and six Israelis, with more than a thousand injured
583	11/14/2012 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“2012 – November 14–November 21 – Operation Pillar of Cloud: IDF forces launches a large-scale military operation in the Gaza Strip in response to Palestinian militants firing over a hundred rockets from the Gaza Strip into southern Israel beginning on 10 November, with the aims of restoring quiet to southern Israel and to strike at what it considers terror organizations.[196] The operation officially began with the assassination of Ahmed Jabari, chief of the Gaza military wing of Hamas.[197] 158 Palestinians were killed.”
584	11/29/2012 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19: Upgrading of Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations.”
585	4/30/2013 [pjmedia.com]	A recently released Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade man stabbed and killed an Israeli father at the Tapuach Junction on the West Bank
586	6/22/2013 [nytimes.com]	Hamas reportedly hanged two Palestinians in Gaza for collaborating with Israel
587	7/28/2013 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Negotiations Face Continued Hurdles “Secretary of State John Kerry seeks to restart final status negotiations. The process begins with the Israeli’s agreement to release 104 Palestinian prisoners and the Palestinians’ agreement not to use their new observer state status at the United Nations to advance the cause of statehood. Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority collapsed in April 2014 over such issues as Israeli settlement growth, the status of a final round of prisoners, and Palestinian attempts to join several international organizations.”
588	9/20/2013 [wilsoncenter.org]	A Palestinian man killed an Israeli soldier, with whom he worked, in the West Bank reportedly to use as a negotiation for his brother’s release from jail
589	9/22/2013 [wilsoncenter.org]	A Palestinian shot and killed an Israeli soldier in Hebron
590	10/17/2013 [timesofisrael.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man who rammed a tractor through the gate of an army base north of Jerusalem
591	10/22/2013 [wilsoncenter.org]	A Palestiniam man ran his car into a train station in Jerusalem killing an Israeli-American infant and a woman from Ecuador
592	10/30/2013 [theguardian.com]	A Palestinian suspected of shooting Israeli activist Rabbi Yehuda Glick on 10/29 was shot and killed by Israeli police in the Abu Tor neighbourhood
593	12/24/2013 [dci-palestine.org]	A Palestinian sniper killed an Israeli civilian contractor working near the Gaza border fence
594	12/24/2013 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli tank fire killed a 2-year-old Palestinian girl at her home in the Al-Mughazi refugee camp in central Gaza
595	1/3/2014 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a 16-year-old Palestinian boy suspected of damaging the border fence and refusing to stop as ordered
596	3/22/2014 [timesofisrael.com]	Israelis killed a wanted Hamas operative in the Jenin refugee camp in northern West Bank resulting in protest clashes that resulted in the deaths of two Hamas members and a Fatah’s al-Aqsa Brigades member, and possibly another Palestinian
597	4/14/2014 [timesofisrael.com]	A Hamas operative shot and killed an Israel police superintendent near Hebron
598	4/23/2014 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Tensions Between the PLO and Hamas “The PLO and Hamas sign an agreement to form a unity government. Tensions between the factions remain, however, and no unity government is formed. Gaza and the West Bank remain disconnected and under the control of rival Palestinian leaderships.”
599	6/12/2014 [abcnews.go.com]	Hamas operatives kidnapped and killed three Israeli teens abducted on their way home from school in the West Bank who were found dead later in the month
600	7/8/2014 [dci-palestine.org]	Operation Protective Edge – Initiated by Israel to cease Hamas attacks from Gaza resulted in the deaths of 72 Israelis and more than 2,000 Palestinians, including 500 children, and more than 10,000 wounded, in which family homes were among the targets. This operation ceased on 8/26/2014.
601	7/8/2014 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Operation Protective Edge 7/8/2014 – 8/26/2014: “After tit-for-tat attacks on Israeli and Palestinian civilians by extremists on both sides, Israel invades the Gaza Strip. The operation, code-named Protective Edge, lasts for fifty days, killing about two thousand Gazans, sixty-six Israeli soldiers, and five Israeli civilians. Unlike the conflicts from 2008 to 2009 and in 2012, Palestinian rocket fire targets major Israeli cities. The war ends after the United States, in consultation with Egypt, Israel, and other regional powers, brokers a cease-fire.” [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024] “Israel Launches The Biggest Assault On Gaza Since 1967, ‘Operation Protective Edge'” [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]
602	7/20/2014 [amnestyusa.org]	Israeli missile attacks killed seven members of one family and four of another, including a total of seven children ages 2 to 13, in the Remal residential neighbourhood in central Gaza City
603	7/20/2014 [amnestyusa.or]	An Israeli aircraft attack killed 26 people, including 25 members from one family, including 19 children ages four months to 14 and a pregnant woman, near the al-Zanneh neighbourhood of Bani Suheila, east of Khan Yunis
604	7/29/2014 [amnestyusa.org]	An Israeli large aerial bomb killed 36 members of five families, including 18 children ages 1 to 17, in the city of Khan Yunis
605	7/31/2014 [amnestyusa.org]	An Israeli air attack killed 14 people, including six children ages 1 to 16, in al-Nuseirat refugee camp, injuring others, in the central area of the Gaza Strip
606	8/1/2014 [amnestyusa.org]	An Israeli aircraft bombing killed five people from one family, including three children ages 6 to 14, in the residential neighbourhood of al-Sabra in Gaza City
607	8/4/2014 [amnestyusa.or]	An Israeli aircraft bombing killed five people from one family, including three children ages 3 months to 7, and another person, injuring others, al-Shati’ refugee camp in Gaza City
608	8/20/2014 [israelpalestinetimeline.org]	An Israeli missile strike killed a Palestinian father, his two sons, one of whom died on 9/1/2014, his brother and nephew in the Tuffah neighborhood, in Gaza city
609	8/20/2014 [amnestyusa.org]	An Israeli aircraft attack killed eight members of a family, including three children ages 6 to 12 and a pregnant woman, injuring others, in the al-Hikr neighbourhood in southern Deir al-Balah
610	8/21/2014 [israelpalestinetimeline.org]	An Israeli missile killed four graveyard workers and caretakers in Sheikh Radwan Graveyard, north of Gaza city
611	8/23/2014 [amnestyusa.org]	Israeli aircraft attack killed five members of a family, including children ages 1 and 3, injuring others, in al-Zuwayda, a village in the central Gaza Strip
612	10/16/2014 [timesofisrael.com]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 13, in the West Bank town of Beit Liqi
613	10/22/2014 [timesofisrael.com]	A Hamas car attack on a disembarking train, which resulted in police killing the suspect, also led to the death of a dual American-Israeli infant, age 3 months, when she was thrown from her stroller, and a woman from Ecuador who died several days later, and others injured, in Jerusalem
614	10/24/2014 [nytimes.com]	Israeli troops shot and killed a dual American-Palestinian teen on a main road in the occupied West Bank
615	10/30/2014 [france24.com]	Islamic Jihad member Moataz Hejazi who was suspected of shooting an Israeli/U.S. activist outside Menachem Begin Heritage Center on 10/29 was killed in a gunfight with police
616	11/18/2014 [nytimes.com]	Two Palestinians were killed after reportedly killing five Israelis with a gun and axes in the Kehillat Bnei Torah Synagogue
617	12/29/2014 [nytimes.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian teen, age 17, in the West Bank
618	2015 [remix.aljazeera.com, accessed 4/9/2024]	“Israel Holds Early Elections For The 20th Kenesset. The Likud Party, Led By Benjamin Netanyahu, Wins Again.”
619	1/13/2015 [theweek.com]	Two Palestinians cousins armed with a gun, knives and axes killed four Israelis (three dual American-Israelis and a British-Israeli) in a synogogie in Jerusalem and police killed the attackers
620	4/24/2015 [timesofisrael.com]	A Palestinian man, age 20, suspected of stabbing an Israeli border officer, was killed by another Israeli soldier in the West Bank city of Hebron
621	4/24/2015 [timesofisrael.com]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian teen, age 16, at a checkpoint on the road between Jerusalem and the West Bank settlement of Ma’ale Adumim
622	7/31/2015 [france24.com]	Jewish settlers firebombed two homes in Duma, a Palestinian village in the West Bank, burning an 18-month-old baby to death, critically injuring his 4-year-old brother, and resulting in the death of the father and mother days and months later
623	7/31/2015 [apaimages.info]	Israeli gunfire led to the death of a Palestinian teen, age 17, in the northern Gaza Strip
624	7/31/2015 [gulfnews.com]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian teen, age 15, during clashes at Atara military tower
625	9/13/2015 [gatestoneinstitute.org]	Alexander Levlovich died in a car crash after swerving from an Arab stone attack in a Jerusalem neighborhood
626	9/22/2015 [amnesty.org]	Amnesty International calls killing of Hadeel al-Hashlamoun during an encounter at an Israeli checkpoint in the West Bank n “extrajudicial execution”
627	10/1/2015 [timesofisrael.com]	Hamas shot and killed U.S./Israeli citizen Eitam Henki and his wife in their car in West Bank with their kids inside
628	10/3/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli police shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 19, suspected of stabbing and killing two Israelis, injuring two others, in the Old City of Jerusalem
629	10/4/2015 [imemc.org]	An Israeli soldier shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 18, injured others, during clashes that took place near the Nitzani roadblock west of the northern West Bank city of Tulkarem
630	10/5/2015 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 13, near Bethlehem
631	10/7/2015 [lphr.org.u]	Israeli police shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, in Karyat
632	10/8/2015 [timesofisrael.com]	Israeli security forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 20, while searching for a suspect amid clashes at the Shuafat refugee camp
633	10/9/2015 [dailysabah.com]	Israeli forces killed seven Palestinians in protests in Gaza
634	10/9/2015 [mondoweiss.net]	Israeli forces shot and killed six Palestinians, including a boy age 15, at a demonstration by the border fence east of Gaza City near Khan Younis
635	10/9/2015 [imemc.org]	Israelis shot a Palestinian man, age 20, who died on 10/10, in the Shu’fat refugee camp in occupied Jerusalem
636	10/10/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli border police shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, in the al-Misrara area in Bab al-Amoud in occupied east Jerusalem
637	10/10/2015 [dailysabah.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed two Palestinian boys, ages 12 and 15, in protests along Gaza’s border fence east of Khan Yunis
638	10/10/2015 [independent.co.uk]	Israeli police shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, near the Damascus Gate in occupied East Jerusalem
639	10/10/2015 [memri.org]	Israeli police shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 19, suspected in a stabbing near the Damascus Gate in occupied East Jerusalem
640	10/11/2015 [dailysabah.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 13, wounding others, at a checkpoint north of the West Bank city of Ramallah
641	10/11/2015 [dailysabah.com]	An Israeli attack led to the death of a Palestinian woman and her daughter, age 2, in Gaza
642	10/12/2015 [timesofisrael.com]	Two Palestinian teens stabbed two Israelis in East Jerusalem and one was killed in pursuit
643	10/12/2015 [lphr.org.uk]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, and ran over his cousin, age 13, in the West Bank
644	10/13/2015 [bbc.com]	Palestinian attackers shot and stabbed three Israelis in Jerusalem, another Palestian was killed in clashes with Israeli forces in Bethlehem
645	10/14/2015 [reliefweb.int]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man in the al-Amoud Gate area in East Jerusalem
646	10/14/2015 [reliefweb.int]	Israeli police shot and killed a Palestinian man in East Jerusalem
647	10/16/2015 [reliefweb.int]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, and injured other protestors, around the Beit Hanoun (Erez) crossing northwest of Beit Hanoun village north of the Gaza Strip
648	10/16/2015 [reliefweb.int]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, and injured others, at the border fence between the Gaza Strip and Israel in Nahal Oz area east of Gaza City
649	10/16/2015 [reliefweb.int]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man around the northern entrance of Hebron (Ras al-Joura)
650	10/17/2015 [lphr.org.uk]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, at a military checkpoint at the northern entrance of al-Shuhada street in Hebron
651	10/17/2015 [lphr.org.uk]	Israeli forces killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, at a temporary checkpoint established at the entrance of Armon Hanatziv settlement south of East Jerusalem
652	10/17/2015 [reliefweb.int]	An Israeli settler shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 18, between the entrance of al-Shuhada Street and Bab al-Daboya
653	10/18/2015 [cbsnews.com]	An Arab person killed an Israeli soldier in a bus station in Beersheba before being killed by security personnel, and an Eritrean asylum seeker, mistaken for a second attacker, was shot by a guard and killed by bystanders
654	10/20/2015 [lphr.org.uk]	Israeli forces killed two Palestinian boys, ages 15 and 17, in Hebron
655	10/23/2015 [lphr.org.uk]	Israeli private security forces killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, in Jenin
656	10/24/2015 [imemc.org]	An Israeli security guard shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, at the Jalama checkpoint the north of Jenin
657	10/25/2015 [lphr.org.uk]	Israeli border police shot and killed a Palestinian girl, age 17, at the entrance of the Ibrahimi mosque in Hebron
658	10/27/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldier gunfire led to the death of two Palestinians, including a boy age 17, at a bus stop near Gush Etzion illegal Israeli settlement located between the southern West Bank cities of Hebron and Bethlehem
659	10/29/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 19, near the Beit Hadassah settlement
660	10/29/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 23, near the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron
661	10/30/2015 [jewishvirtuallibrary.org]	Israeli security officers shot and killed a Palestinian man who allegedly charged at them with a knife in the West Bank
662	10/30/2015 [imemc.org]	Israelis shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 23, and wounded a bystander, outside the light rail station on Bar-Lev Street in Jerusalem
663	10/30/2015 [timesofisrael.com]	Israeli tear gas used against clashes near Bethlehem led to the asphyxiation death of an 8-month-old Palestinian infant in his home.
664	10/31/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, near the al-Jalama military roadblock northeast of the northern West Bank city of Jenin
665	10/31/2015 [terrorism-info.org]	An Isreali guard shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 18, allegedly for an attempted knife attack at Jalameh (Gilboa) crossing
666	11/2/2015 [ndtv.com]	The Israeli army shot and killed a Palestinian man allegedly attempting a knife attack at a border crossing in the northern West Bank
667	11/2/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, near the al-Jalama military roadblock northeast of the northern West Bank city of Jenin
668	11/6/2015 [news.yahoo.com]	Israeli army shot and killed two Palestinians, one during a protest, and an elderly woman allegedly using a car as a weapon
669	11/10/2015 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces killed a Palestinian girl, age 16, allegedly for stabbing a soldier, at a military checkpoint located at Wadi al-Nar east of the West Bank town of Abu Dis
670	11/19/2015 [nbcnews.com]	Palestinians killed five in two different attacks, two Israelis in Tel Aviv and two others and an American, age 18, in West Bank
671	11/23/2015 [samidoun.net]	Palestinian girls accused of stabbing an Israeli man at the Mahane Yehuda Market in Jerusalem led to the shooting death of one of the accused, a 14-year-old girl, and the conviction of her 16-year-old cousin
672	11/23/2015 [timesofisrael.com]	A Palestinian 16-year-old boy suspected of killing an Israeli soldier at a gas station on Route 443 in West Bank, injuring others, was shot and killed by Israeli soldiers
673	11/23/2015 [dci-palestine.org]	A Palestinian 16-year-old boy suspected of attacking an Israeli soldier at Huwara military checkpoint in Nablus, West Bank, was shot and killed by Israeli forces
674	11/25/2015 [israelpalestinetimeline.org]	An Israeli soldier shot a 16-year-old Palestinian boy from Deir Ghassana village near Ramallah during an incursion, and the boy died two weeks later
675	11/25/2015 [haaretz.com]	Israeli security forces shot and killed a 19-year-old Palestinian man suspected of stabbing an Israeli man near Al-Fawwar refugee camp, in South Hebron Hills in the West Bank
676	11/29/2015 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, in Ein al-Louza neighborhood in Silwan town south of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in occupied Jerusalem
677	12/1/2015 [imemc.org]	An Israeli soldier shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, allegedly attempting to stab an Israeli near the Gush Etzion settlement block
678	12/16/2015 [aljazeera.com]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed two Palestinian men, ages 21 and 29, one for allegedly attempting a car attack in the Qalandiya refugee camp
679	12/17/2015 [terrorism-info.org]	An Israeli soldier shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, allegedly for an attempted stabbing, near the village of Huwwara in the Nablus region
680	12/18/2015 [.terrorism-info.org.il]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 21, allegedly for attempting to run them over during a riot in the village of Silwad east of Ramallah
681	1/1/2016 [france24.com]	An Israeli Arab shot and killed two Israelis and wounded others in a shopping and eating area on Dizengoff Street in Tel Aviv
682	1/5/2016 [mondoweiss.net]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 18, after allegedly stabbing an Israeli soldier at the Gush Etzion junction
683	1/7/2016 [mondoweiss.net]	Israeli forces shot and killed three Palestinian cousins, ages 18 and 19, for alleged stabbing attempts on them at the Gush Etzion junction in the southern occupied West Bank
684	1/7/2016 [mondoweiss.net]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, for an alleged stabbing attempt at the Beit Einun junction northeast of Hebron
685	1/9/2016 [thenationalnews.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed two Palestinian men, ages 26 and 38, for an alleged stabbing attack at a checkpoint in the West Bank
686	1/12/2016 [palestinecampaign.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 21, in the West Bank
687	1/12/2016 [palestinecampaign.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, at the Beit Einoun junction near Hebron
688	1/13/2016 [newarab.com]	Israeli gunboat fire led to the death of a Palestinian man, age 23, and others injured, in Beit Lehya in northern Gaza close to the Israeli border
689	1/14/2016 [newarab.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 20, after an alleged stabbing attack in the occupied West Bank city of Hebron
690	1/14/2016 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers killed a Palestinian man, age 36, allegedly for stabbing a soldier, who was injured, at a military roadblock north of the northern West Bank city of Nablus
691	1/26/2016 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed two Palestinians, a man age 23 and a boy age 17, for allegedly stabbing two Israeli women, leading to the death of one in Beit Horon west of Ramallah
692	2/10/2016 [imemc.org]	An Israeli soldier shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, during clashes over the Israeli incursion in the al-‘Arroub refugee camp
693	2/14/2016 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed two Palestinian boys, age 15, near the Annexation Wall section west of Jenin
694	2/14/2016 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, trying to cross a military roadblock near al-Khass and an-No’man villages east of Bethlehem
695	2/18/2016 [timesofisrael.com]	A Palestinian stabbing attack by teens, age 14, led to one injured, the death of an off-duty dual American-Israeli soldier, age 21, and one of the teens shot by an armed civilian, at a supermarket in the Sha’ar Binyamin Industrial Zone located southeast of Ramallah in the West Bank.
696	2/21/2016 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, allegedly attempting a stabbing attack near the Beita village junction south of the northern West Bank city of Nablus
697	2/26/2016 [mondoweiss.net]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian-American boy, age 17, near the Beit El Israeli colony and security center north of Ramallah
698	3/2/2016 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed two Palestinian boys, age 17, allegedly attempting to stab a soldier in the Eli settlement south of the northern West Bank city of Nablus
699	3/12/2016 [commondreams.org]	Israeli military bombing led to the deaths of two Palestinian children, a boy age 10 and sister age 6, in Beit Lahiya in the Gaza Strip
700	3/24/2016 [timesofisrael.com]	An Isreali soldier shot and killed a wounded Palestinian man suspected of a stabbing attack on a soldier in Tel Rumeida in the West Bank city of Hebron
701	4/28/2016 [timesofisrael.com]	A couple of civilian Israeli guards shot and killed a Palestinian woman, age 23, and her brother, age 16, suspected of carrying knives at the Qalandiya crossing in the West Bank
702	6/8/2016 [timesofisrael.com]	A Palestinian shooting by gunmen led to the deaths of four Israelis, injured others, around Sarona Market’s Max Brenner restaurant in Tel Aviv
703	6/19/2016 [cnn.com]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, injured others, in a car on their way home from a Tira village swimming pool in the West Bank
704	6/30/2016 [imemc.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, who allegedly stabbed an Israeli girl in her bed, leading to her death the next day, in the Kiryat Arba’ settlement in Hebron
705	7/1/2016 [btselem.org]	An Israeli border police officer shot and killed a Palestinian woman, age 27, at a checkpoint in the Ibrahimi Mosque compound at the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron
706	7/1/2016 [btselem.org]	A Palestinian shooting attack led to the death of a rabbi, injuries to his family, in the South Hebron Hills
707	9/16/2016 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, suspected of a soldier stabbing at the Gilbert military checkpoint near the closed military zone of Tel Rumeida in Hebron’s Old City
708	9/16/2016 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, allegedly commiting a contested car ramming attack near Kiryat Arba settlement in Hebron
709	9/19/2016 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, allegedly carrying a knife near the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron
710	9/20/2016 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, allegedly carrying a knife at a checkpoint near Bani Na’im, in the southern West Bank governorate of Hebron
711	10/20/2016 [haaretz.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, allegedly throwing stones at soldiers in Beit Omar near Hebron in the West Bank
712	11/25/2016 [mondoweiss.net]	An Israeli security guard shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, allegedly attempting a stabbing attack near the Shu‘fat checkpoint in Jerusalem
713	12/23/2016 [palestinechronicle.co]	Israeli shooting during a clash on 10/15/2016 at al-Jalazun refugee camp in Ramallah led to the death of a Palestinian boy from injuries on 12/23/2016
714	12/23/2016 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“United Nations Security Council resolution 2334: Condemning Israeli occupation of Palestinian lands.”
715	12/6/2017 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“US President Donald Trump announced the United States recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.”
716	12/6/2017 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The U.S. Formally Recognizes Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel “Changing long-standing U.S. policy, U.S. President Donald Trump formally recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. He also pledges to move the U.S. embassy from Tel Aviv to that city, though the move is not set to occur immediately. Numerous foreign leaders, including those of Egypt, France, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, along with UN Secretary-General António Guterres, criticize the policy change. It also sparks protests and violence throughout East Jerusalem, Gaza, and the West Bank, as well as in Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and Jordan. In January 2018, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas declines to meet with U.S. Vice President Mike Pence during Pence’s trip to the region.”
717	5/14/2018 [cnn.com]	Israeli forces killed 59 Palestinians, including about half a dozen children, depending on sources, with one dying a day later, during protests in Gaza over the U.S. opening the embassy in Jerusalem
718	3/25/2019 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	The U.S. Recognizes Israeli Sovereignty Over the Golan Heights “The Trump administration recognizes Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights, which Israel had formally annexed from Syria in 1981. The United States is the first country other than Israel to recognize Israel’s sovereignty over the territory.”
719	1/28/2020 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Trump Administration Launches Proposed Peace Plan “Trump unveils his administration’s proposed Israeli-Palestinian peace plan, crafted by U.S. and Israeli diplomats without Palestinian input. The plan calls for a two-state solution with significant economic aid to the Palestinians. Many analysts criticize the plan as being one sided, stipulating impossible requirements for Palestinian statehood and paving the way for Israeli annexation of the West Bank. Palestinian authorities reject the plan immediately. Following the plan’s announcement, Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announces Israel’s plan to annex portions of the West Bank as outlined in Trump’s proposal.”
720	9/15/2020 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Abraham Accords Peace Agreement “Relations between Some Arab Countries and Israel Normalize Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates agree to normalize diplomatic relations with Israel, becoming the first Arab countries to do so in over twenty-five years. In return, Israel announces the suspension of its plans to annex territory in the West Bank. Morocco and Sudan subsequently also sign on to the agreement and normalize relations with Israel.”
721	2021 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	2021 Israel-Hamas Crisis “Evictions of Palestinians in East Jerusalem and clashes at al-Aqsa Mosque spark conflict between Israel and Hamas. Over two hundred people in Gaza and at least ten in Israel die. The Joe Biden administration helps mediate a truce and restores some U.S. aid and diplomatic contact with the Palestinians.”
722	5/10/2021 [adl.org]	Operation Guardian of the Walls – Initiated by the Israelis in retaliation to rocket attacks from Gaza from 5/10 to 5/21/2021, leading to the deaths of 7 Israelis, and 233 Palestinians, including 66 children from age 8-months to 17
723	12/20/2021 [pbs.org]	The political wing of Hamas announced it would stop its suicide bombings and mortar attacks if Israel ceased political assassinations and killing civilians
724	2022 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Deadly Year in Israeli-Palestinian Conflict “Israel launches a counterterrorism operation in the West Bank in response to attacks by Palestinians against Jewish Israelis. The operation and resulting resurgence contribute to the deadliest year for both sides since 2005, an uptick in violence that only turned out to rise in 2023.”
725	8/5/2022 [aijac.org.au]	Operation Breaking Dawn – Initiated by Israel against Iran-backed Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) in the Gaza Strip from 8/5 to 8/7/2022, leading to the death of more than 33 Palestinians, including 13 children ages 4 to 17
726	4/7/2023 [counterextremism.com]	Palestinian gunmen shooting from a car led to the deaths of British-Israeli sisters, ages 20 and 15, near the Hamra Junction in the north of the Jordan Valley heading toward Tiberias
727	4/10/2023 [aljazeera.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, in the Aqabet Jaber refugee camp in Jericho
728	4/28/2023 [timesofisrael.com]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, during clashes near the West Bank town of Tuqu’
729	5/3/2023 [migrationpolicy.org, accessed 5/10/2023]	“Seventy-five years after the mass displacement of Palestinians began, approximately 5.9 million registered Palestinian refugees live across the Middle East. Palestinians comprise the largest stateless community worldwide. While they constitute the world’s longest protracted refugee situation, their plight has been eclipsed by more recent displacement crises and dismissed as unsolvable. Among refugees, this population is unique in several ways. For one, it includes people originally displaced from Palestine between 1946 and 1948, amid the creation of the state of Israel, as well as their children and other descendants; while these younger generations would not typically be considered refugees in other displacement situations, they are counted as such by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA).”
730	5/9/2023 [besacenter.org, accessed 4/14/2024]	Operation Shield and Arrow May 9-13, 2023 “On May 9, Israel initiated a direct attack on the senior commanders of Palestinian Islamic Jihad in Gaza while ignoring Hamas, its third such attack since November 2019. The operation was Israel’s response to an escalation of rocket and mortar fire by Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an escalation that was itself a response to the death of a senior member of the group’s West Bank branch while on hunger strike in an Israeli prison. Hamas, the sovereign ruler of Gaza, preferred, as in the two previous bouts between Israel and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, to sit the fight out, choosing instead to maintain the ceasefire to which it agreed after Operation Guardian of the Walls in May 2021.”
731	5/15/2023 [nytimes.com, accessed 5/10/2024]	“The United Nations for the first time on Monday officially commemorated the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in the war surrounding the creation of Israel 75 years ago, drawing a sharp response from the Israeli ambassador to the world body. The event — marking the Nakba, or “catastrophe,” by Palestinians — was attended by the Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas; many member states from Asia, Africa, Central and South America and the Middle East; and representatives of the African Union and the Arab League, who delivered speeches. The United States and Britain did not attend.”
732	6/1/2023 [cnn.com]	Israeli troop gunfire led to the death of a Palestinian boy, age 4, on 6/5, and injured his father, in the Israeli settlement of Neveh Tzuf north of Jerusalem in the West Bank
733	6/19/2023 [map.org.uk]	An Israeli incursion led to the deaths of seven Palestinians, including one age 14, and another age 15 who died 6/21, and dozens injured, in Jenin
734	6/20/2023 [gov.il]	Two Hamas members shot and killed four Israelis, including a boy age 17, at a gas station near the West Bank settlement Eli, and later that day one of the alleged shooters was killed by an Israeli civilian and the other by special forces
735	7/21/2023 [aljazeera.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, during unrest in the village of Umm Safa near Ramallah
736	7/21/2023 [aljazeera.com]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian, age 18, in a car Nablus in the occupied West Bank
737	7/26/2023 [voanews.com]	Israeli military fire killed a Palestinian boy, age 14, in the occupied West Bank
738	8/10/2023 [ochaopt.org]	An Israeli undercover unit killed a Palestinian man, age 23, during a raid in Nablus city
739	8/11/2023 [ochaopt.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian man, age 25, during a raid in the Tulkarm Refugee Camp, injuring others
740	8/15/2023 [ochaopt.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed two Palestinians, including one age 16, during a search-and-arrest operation in Aqabet Jaber Camp Refugee Camp (Jericho)
741	8/17/2023 [ochaopt.org]	An Israeli undercover unit killed a Palestinian during a raid of a residential building in Jenin city
742	8/19/2023 [ochaopt.org]	Israeli forces killed a Palestinian man, age 20, who died on 8/19 after being shot during an 8/16 Israeli forces operation in Balata Refugee Camp in Nablus
743	8/22/2023 [ochaopt.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 17, during a search-and-arrest operation in Az Zababida, Jenin
744	8/30/2023 [aljazeera.com]	Israeli forces killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, in occupied East Jerusalem
745	9/5/2023 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, in the Jordan Valley
746	9/9/2023 [dci.plo.ps]	Israeli soldiers shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 16, during a protest at the entrance to the Al-Aroub refugee camp north of Hebron in the southern occupied West Bank
747	9/19/2023 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian boy, age 15, during an incursion in Jenin
748	10/7/2023 [world101.cfr.org, accessed 4/9/2024]	Hamas Launches Surprise Attack on Israel “Israel faced domestic turmoil over government moves to overhaul the judiciary, all while 2022 marked a renewed level of violence between the Israelis and the Palestinians. The first nine months of 2023 witnessed a steady trend of clashes in the West Bank. On October 7, 2023, Hamas launched an unprecedented surprise attack on Israel, leading to an explosion of violence. According to Israeli media, the conflict’s initial strikes led to at least 250 people killed and 1,500 injured in Israel, making it the deadliest attack in the country in decades. Some 250 people in Israel were also taken by Hamas as hostages. Hamas’s military leader, Mohammed Deif, said the group undertook its assault because of Israel’s long-running blockade of Gaza, its occupation of Palestinian lands, and its alleged crimes against Muslims, including the desecration of al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. Israel’s Prime Minister Netanyahu, in turn, announced that Israel was at war with Hamas. Israel proceeded to launch deadly rocket fire on Gaza and later began a ground assault. As of November 8, more than 10,000 people had been killed in Palestine and more than 1,400 in Israel—240 Israelis remained in capture in Gaza. Some 1.4 million Palestinians within the first month of conflict have been displaced as humanitarian concerns have grown. On October 17, the United States vetoed a UNSC vote for a humanitarian pause in the conflict, citing Israel’s right to self-defense. The October 2023 war between Israel and Hamas marks the most significant escalation of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict in several decades.”
749	10/7/2023 [en.wikipedia.org, 4/28/2024]	“Israel–Hamas war: Hamas launched a large-scale offensive against Israel, during which Hamas initially fired thousands of rockets at Israel from the Gaza Strip, while at the same time over a thousand Palestinian militants broke through the border and entered Israel by foot and with motor vehicles, as they engaged in gun battles with the Israeli security forces, conducting massacres and shootings of Israeli civilians, took over Israeli towns and military bases, as well as kidnapped over 200 Israeli soldiers and civilians. As a result Israel’s Security Cabinet formally declares war for the first time since the Yom Kippur War in 1973.”
750	11/26/2023 [dci-palestine.org]	Israeli forces shot and killed three Palestinian teen boys aged 17, 16 and 14, during an incursion in Jenin
751	4/26/2024 [cnn.com]	“Basem Naim, an Istanbul-based member of Hamas’ political bureau, told CNN on Thursday that the group would agree to disarm if an independent Palestinian state was established. ‘If an independent state with its capital in Jerusalem, while preserving the right of return for refugees, (is created) Al Qassam could be integrated into (a future) national army,’ he said, referring to the group’s armed wing. Hamas has traditionally rejected a two-state solution that would see a Palestinian state established alongside Israel and has instead advocated the creation of a Palestinian state in all of historic Palestine that today encompasses Israel, the occupied West Bank, occupied East Jerusalem and Gaza. Mustafa Barghouti, President of the Palestinian National Initiative, said he wasn’t aware of Hamas offering to lay down its arms before, but said it would be a significant move if true.”

Sunrise123.org

Israel / Palestine Timeline [Target for substantial completion is 12/31/2026] Methodology (click here)

Israel - Palestine Timeline:

Israel / Palestine Timeline
[Target for substantial completion is 12/31/2026]
Methodology (click here)